Zusammenfassung
Neben Prostata, Knochen und Niere ist die Haut zur Synthese von aktivem Vitamin D und dessen Vorstufen fähig. Hauptsächlich Keratinozyten, aber auch Makrophagen und Fibroblasten synthetisieren in der Haut durch photochemische Aktivierung aus Cholesterinvorstufen selbstständig Vitamin D. Die Wirkung des so synthetisierten Vitamin D wird durch die Bindung an nukleäre Vitamin-D-Rezeptoren vermittelt. Hypovitaminosen sind v. a. im Kindesalter als Ursache der Rachitis relevant. Sie spielen aber nur im Rahmen von Mangelerkrankungen eine Rolle, da heutzutage eine Rachitisprophylaxe empfohlen wird. Hypervitaminosen können insbesondere durch Überdosierung von Vitamin-D-Präparaten entstehen. Therapeutisch finden Vitamin-D-Präparate ihren Einsatz v. a. in der Therapie der Psoriasis. Hier sind besonders topisch anzuwendende Präparate im Gebrauch, deren antiproliferative und die Zelldifferenzierung fördernde Wirkung über die Bindung an den VDR in der Haut vermittelt wird.
Abstract
Along with other organs like prostate, bones and kidney, skin is capable of vitamin D synthesis. Primarily keratinocytes but also macrophages and fibroblasts synthesize active vitamin D from cholesterol precursors by photochemical activation. The synthesized vitamin D functions by binding to nuclear vitamin D receptors. Vitamin D deficiency usually manifests as rickets in childhood although it is today only relevant in diseases characterized by malabsorption due to today’s recommended vitamin D prophylaxis. Excessive doses of vitamin D are the usual cause of increased levels. The most common therapeutic target of Vitamin D is psoriasis. Here, topical preparations are usually employed; their anti-proliferative and cell differentiation-promoting action is mediated via binding to cutaneous vitamin D receptors.
Abbreviations
- 1,25(OH)2D3 :
-
1,25 Dihydroxycalciferol
- 7-DHC:
-
7-Dehydrocholesterin
- CYP24A1:
-
Vitamin-D-24-Hydroxylase
- CYP27A1:
-
Vitamin-D-25-Hydroxylase
- CYP27B1:
-
1α-Hydroxylase
- nm:
-
Nanometer
- UV:
-
Ultraviolett
- VDR:
-
Vitamin-D-Rezeptor
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Hösl, M., Berneburg, M. Vitamin D und Haut. Hautarzt 59, 737–744 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-008-1499-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-008-1499-x