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HIV-assoziierte Tumore

HIV-associated tumors

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Zusammenfassung

Das Kaposi-Sarkom war zu Beginn der HIV-Epidemie ein häufiges Stigma der Aids-Erkrankten und führte rasch zum Tod. Während die Bedeutung des Kaposi-Sarkoms nach Einführung der antiretroviralen Therapie deutlich geringer geworden ist, sind Lymphome und nicht Aids-definierende Malignome eine zunehmende Herausforderung. Die Inzidenz des HPV- (humanes Papillomvirus-)assoziierten Analkarzinoms und seiner Vorstufen steigt dramatisch, sodass Screeningprogramme analog zum Zervixkarzinom gefordert werden. Die Rolle der humanen Papillomviren bei der Entstehung des invasiven Zervixkarzinoms ist bereits lange bekannt. Unklar ist, ob die erhöhte Rate an UV-assoziierten Tumoren ebenfalls auf HPV zurückzuführen ist oder ob die Immunsuppression und das Freizeitverhalten eine entscheidendere Rolle spielen. Zusätzliche Risikofaktoren, wie z. B. Nikotinabusus und HCV-Koinfektion, werden auch für die hohe Rate an Lungenkarzinomen und hepatozellulären Karzinomen bei HIV-Patienten verantwortlich gemacht. Während opportunistische Infektionen als Todesursache bei HIV-Infizierten selten geworden sind, sehen wir erst den Beginn der Probleme, die durch das Auftreten von Malignomen in den nächsten Jahren zu erwarten sind.

Abstract

In the beginning of the HIV epidemic, Kaposi sarcoma was a common stigma in AIDS patients and one of the leading causes of death. While Kaposi sarcoma is seen less frequently since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, lymphoma and other malignancies are an increasing therapeutic challenge. The incidence of HPV-related anal carcinoma and its precursor lesions is rising so dramatically that screening programs as they are already established for cervical carcinoma should be implemented. The role of HPV in UV-associated tumors is not yet determined. Additional risk factors like smoking and HCV co-infection seem to play important roles in the high incidence of lung and hepatocellular carcinomas. While fewer patients die from opportunistic infections, we face a growing problem with malignancies in HIV-positive patients.

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  1. Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791 , Bochum, Deutschland

    A. Potthoff & N. H. Brockmeyer

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  1. A. Potthoff
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  2. N. H. Brockmeyer
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Correspondence to A. Potthoff.

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Potthoff, A., Brockmeyer, N.H. HIV-assoziierte Tumore. Hautarzt 57, 988–993 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-006-1223-7

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