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Alpha-Melanozyten stimulierendes Hormon

Seine aktuelle Bedeutung für die Dermatologie

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Its relevance for dermatology

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Zusammenfassung

Alpha-Melanozyten stimulierendes Hormon (α-MSH) ist ein Tridekapeptid, das ursprünglich als Neuropeptid aus der Hypophyse isoliert wurde. Seine Synthese aus Proopiomelanokortin (POMC) erfordert die Aktivität spezifischer Prohormonkonvertasen, die POMC in α-MSH, Adrenocorticotropin und β-Endorphin prozessieren. Die biologische Aktivität von α-MSH wird über Melanokortinrezeptoren vermittelt. Es ist gesichert, dass die Haut sowie die Mehrzahl aller Hautzellen POMC exprimieren. Proinflammatorische Stimuli wie Ultraviolettexposition induzieren die POMC-Expression und Sekretion von α-MSH. Rezeptoren für α-MSH werden nicht nur auf Melanozyten exprimiert, wo sie Melanogenese und Proliferation vermitteln, sondern auf nahezu allen kutanen Zelltypen. Das Spektrum der biologischen Aktivität von α-MSH umfasst hierbei immunmodulatorische Effekte, protektive Wirkungen gegenüber oxidativem Stress und der UV-induzierten Apoptose, regulatorische Effekte auf die sekretorische Aktivität von Drüsenepithelien sowie modulierende Einflüsse auf die extrazelluläre Matrix. Superpotente und trunkierte MSH-Peptide könnten deshalb in Zukunft bei einer Reihe von Dermatosen eine neue therapeutische Option werden.

Abstract

Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a tridecapeptide that was originally characterized as a neuropeptide derived from the pituitary gland. α-MSH is synthesized from pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) by the action of specific prohormone convertases which cleave POMC into α-MSH, adrenocorticotropin and β-endorphin. The various effects of α-MSH are mediated via melanocortin receptors. The skin as well as the majority of cutaneous cell types express POMC. Proinflammatory stimuli such as ultraviolet (UV) light induce POMC expression and α-MSH secretion. Receptors for α-MSH are not only expressed by melanocytes, where they mediate melanogenesis and proliferation, but also by virtually every cutaneous cell type. Accordingly, α-MSH elicits a plethora of biological actions in these cell types including immunomodulation, protection from oxidative stress and UV-induced apoptosis, modulation of secretory epithelial function and regulation of extracellular matrix composition. These actions may be exploited in future by using superpotent and truncated MSH peptides for the treatment of various skin disorders including inflammatory dermatoses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Hautkrankheiten, Allgemeine Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster

    M. Böhm & T. A. Luger

  2. Klinik und Poliklinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von Esmarchstraße 58, 48149 , Münster

    M. Böhm

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  1. M. Böhm
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  2. T. A. Luger
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Correspondence to M. Böhm.

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Böhm, M., Luger, T.A. Alpha-Melanozyten stimulierendes Hormon. Hautarzt 55, 436–445 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-004-0729-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-004-0729-0

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