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Entstehungsgeschichte und präklinisches Profil von Pimecrolimus

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Zusammenfassung

Pimecrolimus (SDZ ASM 981), ein Vertreter der neuen Verbindungsklasse der Ascomycine, hemmt die Phosphatase Calcineurin und verhindert die Produktion entzündlicher Zytokine in T-Zellen. Im Gegensatz zu Kortikosteroiden wirkt Pimecrolimus zellspezifisch und hat z. B. keinen Effekt auf Langerhans-Zellen, die eine zentrale Funktion im Immunsystem der Haut haben. Pimecrolimus zeigt eine geringere Permeation durch die Haut als Kortikosteroide und Tacrolimus, was auf ein geringeres Potenzial für systemische Nebenwirkung nach topischer Anwendung hinweist. In Tiermodellen hat Pimecrolimus sowohl nach topischer als auch nach oraler Gabe ausgeprägte und dosisabhängige entzündungshemmende Wirkung. Im Gegensatz zu Kortikosteroiden führt die Behandlung mit Pimecrolimus jedoch nicht zur Hautatrophie. Verglichen mit Tacrolimus hat Pimecrolimus keinen Effekt auf die primäre Immunreaktion in der Sensibilisierungsphase der allergischen Kontaktdermatitis und generell ein deutlich geringeres Potenzial zur Unterdrückung systemischer Immunreaktionen. Zusammenfassend lässt das pharmakologische Profil von Pimecrolimus eine gute klinische Wirksamkeit verbunden mit einer hohen Sicherheit erwarten.

Abstract

Pimecrolimus (SDZ ASM 981), an ascomycin derivative, inhibits the phosphatase calcineurin and blocks the production of inflammatory cytokines in T cells. In contrast to corticosteroids, pimecrolimus has a cell selective mode of action, exerting e.g. no effect on dendritic cells, which have a central function in the skin-associated immune system. Pimecrolimus shows less permeation through skin than corticosteroids and tacrolimus which indicates a lower potential for systemic side effects after topical application. In animal models pimecrolimus has a marked dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity. However, treatment with pimecrolimus does not induce skin atrophy in contrast to corticosteroids. In contrast to tacrolimus, pimecrolimus does not impair the primary immune reaction in the sensitization phase of allergic contact dermatitis and has generally less effect on systemic immune reactions. In summary, the pharmacological profile of pimecrolimus suggests high clinical efficacy together with excellent safety.

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Stütz, A., Grassberger, M. & Meingassner, J.G. Entstehungsgeschichte und präklinisches Profil von Pimecrolimus. Hautarzt 54, 405–412 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-003-0519-0

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