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Muzinöse Tumoren des Peritoneums

Mucinous tumors of the peritoneum

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Zusammenfassung

Einführung

Die disseminierte peritoneale Aussaat muzinbildener Tumoren ist eine seltene maligne Erkrankung mit unterschiedlicher Prognose. Histomorphologische Kriterien sind maßgeblich an der prognostischen Einschätzung beteiligt. Die vergangenen 10 Jahre haben zu einer Vereinheitlichung der Nomenklatur und in der Folge zur Etablierung von Therapiestandards geführt. Dieser Artikel soll den aktuellen Stand der pathologischen Klassifikation, des Stagings und Gradings vermitteln.

Methode und Material

Selektive Literaturrecherche in PubMed und Medline.

Resultate

Die überwiegende Mehrzahl der disseminierten peritonealen muzinösen Erkrankungen, die dem klinischen Bild des Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) entspricht, entspringt aus muzinösen Tumoren der Appendix vermiformis. Hier sind zu unterscheiden: 1) „low-grade“ appendikale muzinöse Neoplasie (LAMN), 2) (sehr seltene) „high-grade“ appendikale muzinöse Neoplasie (HAMN), 3) muzinöses Adenokarzinom ohne Siegelringzellen (G2), 4) muzinöses Adenokarzinom mit Siegelringzellen oder Siegelringzellkarzinom (G3). Nur selten induzieren andere Primärtumoren eine PMP. Begriffe wie Mukozele oder muzinöses Zystadenom der Appendix entsprechen der LAMN und sollen nicht mehr verwendet werden. Prognostisch unterschieden werden ferner das Low-grade-PMP, das meist aus der LAMN entspringt, von dem prognostisch ungünstigeren High-grade-PMP, die meist aus einem muzinösen/siegelringzelligen Adenokarzinom oder der seltenen HAMN entsteht. Die disseminierte peritoneale muzinöse Erkrankung/PMP muss dann noch einmal abgegrenzt werden von der prognostisch exzellenten lokalen Muzinbildung der Periappendixregion.

Diskussion

Die aktuell gültige Nomenklatur, wie sie durch Konsensusmeetings entstanden ist und in Teilen auch in die aktuellen WHO-Klassifikation 2019 Eingang gefunden hat, hat wesentlich mit dazu beigetragen, dass die Prognose der Patient*innen heute besser abgeschätzt werden kann und effektive Therapien entwickelt werden konnten.

Abstract

Introduction

Disseminated peritoneal seeding of mucin-forming tumors is a rare malignant disease with variable prognosis. Histomorphological criteria are instrumental in the prognostic assessment. The past 10 years have led to a standardization of nomenclature and subsequently to the establishment of therapeutic standards. This article aims to provide the current status of the pathological classification, staging, and grading.

Method and material

Selective literature search in PubMed and Medline

Results

The vast majority of disseminated peritoneal mucinous diseases that correspond to the clinical presentation of pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) arise from mucinous tumors of the vermiform appendix. Here are to be distinguished: 1) low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN), 2) (very rare) high-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (HAMN), 3) mucinous adenocarcinoma without signet ring cells (G2) and 4) mucinous adenocarcinoma with signet ring cells or signet ring cell carcinoma (G3). Other primary tumors only rarely induce PMP. Terms such as mucocele or mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix correspond to LAMN and should no longer be used. Prognostic distinctions are further made between low-grade PMP, which usually arises from LAMN, and the prognostically less favorable high-grade PMP, which usually arises from mucinous/signet ring cell adenocarcinoma or the rare HAMN. Disseminated peritoneal mucinous disease/PMP must then be further distinguished from prognostically excellent local mucin formation of the peri-appendix region.

Discussion

The currently valid nomenclature, as it has emerged from consensus meetings and in parts has also found its way into the current WHO 2019, has significantly contributed to the fact that the prognosis of patients today can be better estimated and effective forms of treatment could be developed.

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Abbreviations

Av:

Appendix vermiformis

FTD/TPI:

Trifluridine/Tipiracil

HAMN:

„High-grade“ appendikale muzinöse Neoplasie

HIPEC:

Hyperthermische intraperitoneale Chemotherapie

LAMN:

„Low-grade“ appendikale muzinöse Neoplasie

MMR-Defizienz:

Mismatch-repair-Defizienz

NGS:

Next generation sequencing

OS:

Overall survival

PMP:

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

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Correspondence to Anne Kristin Fischer.

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A.K. Fischer, A. Tannapfel und A. Quaas geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Fischer, A.K., Tannapfel, A. & Quaas, A. Muzinöse Tumoren des Peritoneums. Chirurgie 94, 823–831 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-023-01926-6

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