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Hohes Spenderalter bei Lebertransplantation

Wie begegnen wir dem Organmangel in Deutschland?

High donor age for liver transplantation

Tackling organ scarcity in Germany

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Lebertransplantation stellt die einzige kurative Therapieoption für Patienten mit fortgeschrittenen Lebererkrankungen dar. Insbesondere in Deutschland zwingt die sinkende Zahl der Organspender von 40 % im letzten Jahr zur Ressourcenoptimierung und gegebenenfalls Erweiterung der Akzeptanz um ältere Spender.

Methodik

Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Datenanalyse aller 2652 Leberangebote an der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin von 2010 bis 2016 sowie der klinischen Ergebnisse von 526 Lebertransplantationen.

Ergebnisse

Das mittlere Alter der im Untersuchungszeitraum transplantierten Organe stieg von 2010 bis 2016 von 49,3 auf 57,3 Jahre (p = 0,02). Organe von Spendern ≥65 Jahren wurden häufiger nicht alloziert als Organe von Spendern <65 Jahren (n = 344, 18,4 % vs. n = 221, 28,1 %; p = 0,005) und sind durch eine höhere Inzidenz an Diabetes mellitus und Steatosis hepatis gekennzeichnet. Ältere Spenderorgane hatten einen höheren Donor-Risk-Index (2,8 vs. 2,2; p < 0,001) und wurden eher Empfängern mit noch erhaltener Leberfunktion bei HCC und Leberzirrhose transplantiert (n = 121, 74,7 % der Indikationen). Das 3‑Jahres-Überleben nach Lebertransplantation von Spendern sowohl ≥65 als auch ≥80 Jahre alt war im Vergleich zu jüngeren Spendern nicht signifikant reduziert, es konnte jedoch eine höhere Retransplantationsrate (28,6 %, p = 0,005) nach Transplantation von Spenderorganen ≥80 Jahre alt verzeichnet werden.

Diskussion

Trotz konservativer Akzeptanzpolitik finden sich erhöhte Retransplantationsraten nach Transplantationen sehr alter Spenderorgane. In Zeiten begrenzter Verfügbarkeit geeigneter Organe ist hier Vorsicht geboten und betont die Notwendigkeit eines adäquaten Beurteilungsinstruments marginaler Spenderorgane vor Transplantation.

Abstract

Background

Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment option for patients with end-stage liver disease; however, the 40% decline of available organ donors in recent years in Germany necessitates the optimization of available resources and possibly extending the criteria to older donors.

Material and methods

All 2652 livers made available to the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin from 2010 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed and the clinical outcome of 526 liver transplantations during this time frame were evaluated.

Results

The median age of donors of transplanted organs increased from 49.3 years in 2010 to 57.3 years in 2016 (p = 0.02). Organs from donors ≥65 years were more frequently discarded than organs from younger donors (n = 344, 18.4% vs. n = 220, 28.1%; p = 0.005). Moreover, the older donors had higher rates of diabetes mellitus and hepatic steatosis. Organs from older donors had a higher donor risk index (2.8 vs. 2.2; p < 0.001) and were transplanted more often in patients with preserved liver function and hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis (n = 121, 74.7% of indications). The 3‑year survival after liver transplantation from donors ≥65 and ≥80 years old was not significantly reduced in comparison to younger donors; however, there was an increased retransplantation rate (28.6%; p = 0.005) after transplantation of organs from donors ≥80 years old.

Conclusion

Despite conservative organ acceptance there were higher rates of retransplantation after transplantation from very old donors. In the light of an increasing scarcity of suitable organs this mandates caution and highlights the need for adequate assessment instruments for marginal donor organs before transplantation.

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Correspondence to N. Raschzok.

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Interessenkonflikt

S. Moosburner, P. V. Ritschl,L. Wiering, J.M.G.V. Gassner, R. Öllinger, J. Pratschke, I. M. Sauer und N. Raschzok geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren. Die Datenanalyse wurde an der Chirurgischen Klinik, Campus Charité Mitte und Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin mit Genehmigung der zuständigen Ethikkommission durchgeführt (Ethikkommission der Charité, EA2/010/17).

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Die Autoren S. Moosburner und P.V. Ritschl haben zu gleichen Teilen zum Manuskript beigetragen.

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Moosburner, S., Ritschl, P.V., Wiering, L. et al. Hohes Spenderalter bei Lebertransplantation. Chirurg 90, 744–751 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-019-0801-z

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