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Herzchirurgie im Alter

Cardiac surgery in the elderly

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An Erratum to this article was published on 26 January 2017

Zusammenfassung

Aufgrund des zunehmenden demographischen Wandels und der Tatsache, dass kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen weiterhin die Todesursachenstatistik anführen, nimmt das kalendarische Durchschnittsalter herzchirurgischer Patienten stetig zu – so waren im Jahr 2015 14,8 % aller herzchirurgischen Patienten 80 Jahre und älter. Mit der durchgeführten Metaanalyse wurde untersucht, ob und unter welchen Bedingungen ältere Patienten noch von herzchirurgischen Eingriffen profitieren können, ohne ein hohes Risiko der Einschränkung der Lebensqualität, der Morbidität und Mortalität eingehen zu müssen. Grundsätzlich zeigte sich, dass das kalendarische Alter kein Risikofaktor für erhöhte peri- und postoperative Morbidität und Mortalität ist, sondern das biologische Alter entscheidend ist, insbesondere die Komorbiditäten der Patienten sowie der Zeitpunkt der Operation im Krankheitsverlauf. So waren elektive Operationen bei asymptomatischem Krankheitsverlauf hinsichtlich des Outcomes besser als Operationen in symptomatischen oder gar dekompensierten Krankheitsstadien. Die Durchführung herzchirurgischer Eingriffe bei älteren Patienten führte im Vergleich zur medikamentös-konventionellen Therapie zu einer verbesserten Lebenserwartung. Die Lebensqualität betreffend wiesen ältere Patienten nach herzchirurgischen Eingriffen eine signifikante Zunahme der Lebensqualität auf, die postoperativ mit denen jüngerer Patienten vergleichbar war. Folglich profitieren auch über 80-Jährige in jeglicher Hinsicht von herzchirurgischen Eingriffen, sofern diese individuell adaptierte Operationstechniken berücksichtigt.

Abstract

Due to the increasing demographic changes and the fact that cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death, the mean chronological age of patients undergoing cardiac surgery is steadily increasing. In 2015, 14.8% of these patients were aged 80 years and older. This meta-analysis reviewed if and under what circumstances elderly patients benefit from cardiac surgical procedures without running the risk of limitations in the quality of life and high rates of morbidity and mortality. Generally, the chronological age was not a risk factor for higher perioperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality but the biological age was the critical factor, in particular the associated comorbidities of patients and the timing of the surgical procedure in the course of the disease. The result is that elective operations resulted in a better outcome than operations in a symptomatic or decompensated stage of a disease. Compared to patients receiving conventional medicinal therapy, elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery had an improved life expectancy. A significant increase in the quality of life could also be identified and was ultimately comparable to those of younger patients after cardiac surgery; therefore, elderly patients even those over 80 years old benefit in all aspects of cardiac surgery, as long as individually adapted operative techniques are considered.

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Correspondence to B. Wiegmann MD.

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Interessenkonflikt

B. Wiegmann, I. Ismail und A. Haverich geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Die Originalversion dieses Artikels wurde geändert: Der Nachname des Zweitautors wurde zu Ismail korrigiert.

Ein Erratum zu diesem Beitrag ist unter http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00104-017-0372-9 zu finden.

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Wiegmann, B., Ismail, I. & Haverich, A. Herzchirurgie im Alter. Chirurg 88, 110–115 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-016-0337-4

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