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Stentimplantation beim Dickdarmileus – eine Chance mit Risiko

Kritische Wertung

Colonic stenting: an opportunity with a risk

A critical evaluation

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A Kommentar to this article was published on 15 July 2015

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Patienten mit kolorektalen Karzinomen präsentieren sich mitunter primär als Notfallsituation mit einer Obstruktion. Behandlungsziel sollte eine rasche Beseitigung des Ileus unter Reduktion der hohen Morbidität und Mortalität sein. Dazu wurden Alternativen zur Notfalloperation gesucht, die eine Vorbereitung auf den später elektiv möglichen operativen Eingriff oder eine Stabilisierung der palliativen Situation unter Vermeidung eines Stomas versprechen. Die Einlage eines selbstexpandierenden Metallstents (SEMS) wird hier anhand der eigenen Erfahrungen im Sinne einer unizentrischen, retrospektiven Beobachtungsstudie diskutiert.

Methodik

Bei 35 Patienten mit einer klinisch malignen Kolonstenose wurde der Versuch unternommen, einen SEMS zur Entlastung des bestehenden Ileus einzubringen. Wir untersuchten die Resultate hinsichtlich des technischen und klinischen Erfolgs, der Komplikationen und Überlebenszeit.

Ergebnisse

Die primäre Stenteinlage gelang bei 29 von 35 Patienten (82,9 %); 14 wurden aus palliativer und 15 Patienten aus kurativer Intention gestentet. Die Lokalisation war vorwiegend im linken Kolon. Bei 2 (13,3 %), musste wegen einer Komplikation innerhalb von 48 h eine Notoperation durchgeführt werden; 13 (86,7 %) konnten einer elektiven Operation, 6 (46,2 %) konventionell, 7 (53,8 %) laparoskopisch unterzogen werden. Alle kurativ operierten Patienten erhielten eine Anastomose ohne Anlage eines Stomas. Die Überlebenszeit betrug in der palliativen Gruppe durchschnittlich 7 und in der kurativen Gruppe 28 Monate.

Schlussfolgerung

Bei ausgewählter Anwendung stellt das Einbringen eines SEMS bei malignen linksseitigen Stenosen im Ileuszustand eine Alternative zur Notoperation dar. Sie ermöglicht so u. a. eine kurative Operation unter besseren Voraussetzungen sowie auch das Vermeiden einer Stomaanlage.

Abstract

Background

Frequently, the first clinical sign of colorectal cancer is complete obstruction, which has to be considered an emergency situation. The treatment goal is to overcome ileus including reduction of the associated high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, alternative therapeutic options to emergency surgery have been sought in order to allow adequate preparation for elective surgery or stabilization of palliative patients and avoid colostoma. Therapeutic results of the placement of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) are discussed in terms of a single-center, retrospective observational study.

Methods

In 35 patients with a clinically manifest stenosis of colonic cancer, it was attempted to insert SEMS to treat ileus as the first therapeutic step. Therapeutic results were investigated with regard to technical and clinical success, spectrum and rate of complications, and survival time, differentiating between a palliative and curative group of patients.

Results

Primary placement of a stent was achieved in 29 of 35 patients (82.9 %); 14 underwent the procedure with palliative and 15 with curative intention. Stent location was mainly the left hemicolon. In 2 of 15 patients (13.3 %), emergency surgery within 48 h was required because of complications, whereby in 13 patients (86.7 %), 6 patients (46.2 %) underwent elective open surgery and 7 patients (53.8 %) underwent a laparoscopic procedure. In all patients treated with curative intent, primary anastomosis was achieved, thus, avoiding a colostoma. Survival times of the palliative and curative patient groups were on average 7 and 28 months, respectively.

Conclusion

In carefully selected cases, placement of SEMS in malignant stenosis of the left hemicolon with ileus can be considered a reasonable therapeutic alternative to emergency surgery since it allows surgical intervention with curative intention under more favorable conditions and also avoids a colostoma.

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Correspondence to R. Albrecht.

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R. Albrecht, H. Hönicke, C. Bochmann, U. Settmacher und T. Wirth geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Albrecht, R., Hönicke, H., Bochmann, C. et al. Stentimplantation beim Dickdarmileus – eine Chance mit Risiko. Chirurg 86, 787–793 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-015-0022-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-015-0022-z

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