Zusammenfassung
Nach kolo- und anorektalen Eingriffen wegen chronisch entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen treten spezifische Komplikationen auf.
Beim M. Crohn treten Komplikationen nach der Proktokolektomie auf. Die Omentumplastik im kleinen Becken hilft, infektiösen Komplikationen vorzubeugen. Bei Sakralhöhlenverhalt erleichtert eine nachträgliche Analsphinkterdurchtrennung und als Ultima Ratio die M.-gracilis-Transposistion die Abheilung. Nach Fistelchirurgie ist bei Frührezidiv eine Refadendrainage anzulegen.
Komplikationen nach Proktokolektomie mit ileoanaler Pouchanlage sind mannigfaltig. In der Akutsituation sind die Insuffizienz und der pelvine Abzess die ernsteste und führende Komplikation. Die transperineale mit transanaler Drainage stellt die Therapie der Wahl dar. Technische und septische Langzeitkomplikationen sind auch nach über 36-jähriger Existenz des Operationsverfahrens ein relevantes Problem. Eine dezidierte Diagnostik und ein konsequentes Angehen des Problems helfen bei 75 % der Patienten mit Pouchkomplikationen, einen Pouch in eine gute Funktion zu überführen.
Abstract
After colorectal and anorectal interventions for chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, specific complications can occur.
In Crohn’s disease these complications mainly occur after proctocolectomy. Pelvic sepsis can be prevented by omentoplasty with fixation inside the pelvis. A persisting sepsis of the sacral cavity can be treated primarily by dissection of the anal sphincter which ensures better drainage. In cases of chronic sacral sepsis, transposition of the gracilis muscle is a further effective option. Early recurrence of a transsphincteric anal fistula should be treated by reinsertion of a silicon seton drainage.
Complications after restorative proctocolectomy are frequent and manifold (35 %). The main acute complications are anastomotic leakage and pelvic sepsis. Therapy consists of transperineal drainage of the abscess with simultaneous transanal drainage. Late complications due to technical and septic reasons are still a relevant problem even 36 years after introduction of this operative technique. A consistent approach with detailed diagnostic and surgical therapy results in a 75 % rescue rate of ileoanal pouches.
Literatur
Baixauli J, Delaney CP, Wu JS et al (2004) Functional outcome and quality of life after repeat ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for complications of ileoanal surgery. Dis Colon Rectum 47:2–11
Buhr HJ, Kroesen AJ (1998) Typical complications and their control after restorative proctocolectomy. Chirurg 69:1035–1044
Cohen Z, Smith D, Mcleod R (1998) Reconstructive surgery for pelvic pouches. World J Surg 22:342–346
Fazio VW, Kiran RP, Remzi FH et al (2013) Ileal pouch anal anastomosis: analysis of outcome and quality of life in 3707 patients. Ann Surg 257:679–685
Foley EF, Schoetz DJ Jr, Roberts PL et al (1995) Rediversion after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Causes of failures and predictors of subsequent pouch salvage. Dis Colon Rectum 38:793–798
Fonkalsrud EW, Phillips JD (1990) Reconstruction of malfunctioning ileoanal pouch procedures as an alternative to permanent ileostomy. Am J Surg 160:245–251
Galandiuk S, Scott NA, Dozois RR et al (1990) Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Reoperation for pouch-related complications. Ann Surg 212:446–452 (discussion 452–454)
Gemlo BT, Wong WD, Rothenberger DA et al (1992) Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Patterns of failure. Arch Surg 127:784–786 (discussion 787)
Kirat HT, Remzi FH, Shen B et al (2011) Pelvic abscess associated with anastomotic leak in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA): transanastomotic or CT-guided drainage? Int J Colorectal Dis 26:1469–1474
Korsgen S, Keighley MR (1997) Causes of failure and life expectancy of the ileoanal pouch. Int J Colorectal Dis 12:4–8
Kroesen AJ, Grone J, Buhr HJ et al (2009) Therapy of refractory proctocolitis and Crohn’s disease. Incisionless laparoscopic proctocolectomy with a Brooke ileostomy. Chirurg 80:730–733
Macrae HM, Mcleod RS, Cohen Z et al (1997) Risk factors for pelvic pouch failure. Dis Colon Rectum 40:257–262
Ogunbiyi OA, Korsgen S, Keighley MR (1997) Pouch salvage. Long-term outcome. Dis Colon Rectum 40:548–552
Poggioli G, Marchetti F, Selleri S et al (1993) Redo pouches: salvaging of failed ileal pouch-anal anastomoses. Dis Colon Rectum 36:492–496
Raval MJ, Schnitzler M, O’connor BI et al (2007) Improved outcome due to increased experience and individualized management of leaks after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Ann Surg 246:763–770
Remzi FH, Fazio VW, Kirat HT et al (2009) Repeat pouch surgery by the abdominal approach safely salvages failed ileal pelvic pouch. Dis Colon Rectum 52:198–204
Ruffolo C, Scarpa M, Bassi N et al (2010) A systematic review on advancement flaps for rectovaginal fistula in Crohn’s disease: transrectal vs transvaginal approach. Colorectal Dis 12:1183–1191
Sagar PM, Dozois RR, Wolff BG et al (1996) Disconnection, pouch revision and reconnection of the ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Br J Surg 83:1401–1405
Saltzberg SS, Diedwardo C, Scott TE et al (1999) Ileal pouch salvage following failed ileal pouch- anal anastomosis. J Gastrointest Surg 3:633–641
Shawki S, Belizon A, Person B et al (2009) What are the outcomes of reoperative restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis surgery? Dis Colon Rectum 52:884–890
Soltani A, Kaiser AM (2010) Endorectal advancement flap for cryptoglandular or Crohn’s fistula-in-ano. Dis Colon Rectum 53:486–495
Yamamoto T, Keighley MR (1999) Long-term outcome of total colectomy and ileostomy for Crohn disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 34:280–286
Zmora O, Efron JE, Nogueras JJ et al (2001) Reoperative abdominal and perineal surgery in ileoanal pouch patients. Dis Colon Rectum 44:1310–1314
- Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien
Interessenkonflikt. A.J. Kroesen gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kroesen, A. Spezielle chirurgische Komplikationen bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen. Chirurg 86, 332–337 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-014-2850-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-014-2850-7