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Regenerative Therapieansätze in der plastischen Chirurgie

Regenerative therapy approaches in plastic surgery

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Regeneration von durch Trauma oder Krankheit verloren gegangenem Gewebe stellt das Ideal gegenüber der Reparation, bei der an einer anderen Stelle des Körpers ein Hebedefekt entsteht, dar. Durch ein verbessertes Verständnis der zell- und molekularbiologischen Grundlagen der Heilung haben sich in den letzten Jahren verschiedene regenerative Therapieansätze entwickelt.

Ziel der Arbeit

Es soll eine beispielhafte Darstellung aktueller regenerativer Therapieansätze und deren Wirkung sowie klinische Anwendung erfolgen.

Material und Methoden

Die Datenbank PubMed wurde nach regenerativen Ansätzen in der plastischen Chirurgie durchsucht und verschiedene Verfahren werden dargestellt.

Ergebnisse

Insbesondere zellbasierte Ansätze, bei denen bevorzugt autologe mesenchymale Stammzellen aus dem Fettgewebe eingesetzt werden, zeigen hervorragende Heilerfolge mit minimalem Hebedefekt. Doch auch wachstumsfaktorbasierte Ansätze oder die Verwendung von thrombozytenreichem Plasma führen zu außerordentlich guten Ergebnissen im Bereich der Wund- oder Knochenheilung.

Diskussion

Durch Einbringen verschiedener Zellen oder Moleküle lassen sich unter Ausnutzung biologischer Mechanismen die regenerativen Fähigkeiten des adulten Organismus verbessern. Nicht nur in der rekonstruktiven, sondern auch in der ästhetischen Chirurgie finden viele Verfahren bereits klinische Anwendung. Doch sollten die Erfolge nicht über das potenzielle Risiko, das sowohl zell- als auch wachstumsfaktorbasierten Ansätzen zu eigen ist, hinwegtäuschen und solche Therapieverfahren bis zum Vorliegen von Langzeiterfahrungen sorgfältig indiziert werden.

Abstract

Background

The regeneration of tissue lost due to trauma or disease is considered as being ideal for reconstruction with respect to repair in which a donor defect arises in a different part of the body. Through a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of healing, possibilities for regenerative therapies have been developed in recent years.

Objectives

To give an exemplary representation of current regenerative therapy approaches and their effect and clinical application.

Material and methods

The PubMed database was searched for different regenerative approaches in plastic surgery and various methods are presented in this article.

Results

Cell-based approaches, in which autologous mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue are preferably used, led to excellent healing results with minimal donor site morbidity. Likewise, growth factor-based approaches or the use of platelet-rich plasma achieve very good results in the field of wound and bone healing.

Discussion

By using different cells or molecules and thus taking advantage of biological mechanisms, the regenerative capabilities of adult organisms could be improved. Many methods have already been implemented in clinical practice, not only in reconstructive but also in aesthetic surgery. However, the success should not conceal the potential risk that is inherent in both cell and growth factor-based approaches. Until long-term experiences of such therapies have been acquired, they should be used cautiously.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. J. W. Kuhbier, K. Reimers, C. Radtke und P.M. Vogt geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Kuhbier, J., Reimers, K., Radtke, C. et al. Regenerative Therapieansätze in der plastischen Chirurgie. Chirurg 86, 214–222 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-014-2830-y

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