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Komplikationen der minimal-invasiven Adrenalektomie

Complications of minimally invasive adrenalectomy

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Zusammenfassung

Die minimal-invasive Adrenalektomie gilt seit über einer Dekade als Goldstandard in der Nebennierenchirurgie. Die laparoskopische Adrenalektomie in Seitenlage und die retroperitoneoskopische Adrenalektomie in Bauchlage haben sich über die Jahre durchgesetzt und sind heutzutage weltweit verbreitet. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die Komplikationen der minimal-invasiven Adrenalektomie anhand der zur Verfügung stehenden Daten der Literatur analysiert. Die Rate der intra- und postoperativen Komplikationen wird mit einer Spanne von 0–15 % für die unilaterale Adrenalektomie und bis hin zu über 23 % für die bilaterale Adrenalektomie angegeben. Die Komplikationen der laparoskopischen und retroperitoneoskopischen Operation werden analysiert, wobei keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Operationsmethoden festgestellt werden konnten. Allerdings wurden Milzverletzungen und intraabdominelle Abszesse nur bei der Laparoskopie beobachtet, während Bauchwandrelaxationen und Hypoästhesien der Bauchdecke nur bei der retroperitoneoskopischen Operation in Bauchlage festgestellt wurden. Konversionen beeinflussen signifikant (Odds Ratio 6,2) die Rate der peri- und postoperativen Komplikationen. Da Konversionen in erfahrenen Zentren seltener vorkommen, konnte die Einführung einer Mindestmengenregelung für eine Verbesserung der Qualität in der Nebennierenchirurgie sorgen.

Abstract

Over the last decade minimally invasive adrenalectomy has become the gold standard in adrenal surgery. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy with the patient in the lateral decubitus position and posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy have gained worldwide acceptance. In this overview the complications of minimally invasive adrenalectomy are analyzed based on the published data. Die incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications ranges from 0 % to 15 % for unilateral adrenalectomy and rises up to 23 % for bilateral surgery. No significant differences were found between laparoscopic and retroperitoneoscopic operations. Nevertheless, splenic injuries and intra-abdominal abscesses are reported only after laparoscopic procedures, while relaxation and/or hypoesthesia of the abdominal wall are typical for posterior retroperitoneoscopic surgery. Conversion to open surgery significantly influences the rate of perioperative and postoperative complications (odds ratio 6.2); therefore, high surgeon and center case volume could improve the results of adrenal surgery.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. P.F. Alesina gibt an, dass kein Interesskonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Alesina, P. Komplikationen der minimal-invasiven Adrenalektomie. Chirurg 86, 29–32 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-014-2821-z

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