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Transvaginale/transumbilikale Hybrid-NOTES-Appendektomie

Vergleich der Technik bei unkomplizierter und komplizierter Appendizitis

Transvaginal/transumbilical hybrid NOTES appendicectomy

Comparison of techniques in uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Appendektomie (AE), der häufigste chirurgische Notfalleingriff, kann auch in der Hybrid-NOTES („natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery“) -Technik transvaginal (TVAE) erfolgen. Dabei stellt sich die Frage der Machbarkeit der TVAE auch im perforierten Entzündungsstadium.

Material und Methoden

Seit Mai 2012 wurde weiblichen Patienten bei Verdacht auf eine akute Appendizitis die TVAE alternativ zum Standardverfahren angeboten. Prä-, intra- und postoperative Parameter wurden prospektiv erfasst.

Ergebnisse

Bis Oktober 2013 wurden 13 TVAE durchgeführt. Das mediane Alter lag bei 41 (20–76) Jahren, der BMI bei 23,1 (18,1–28,3) kg/m2, die ASA-Verteilung (I/II/≥ III) bei 8/5/0. Histologisch zeigten sich 3 perforierte, eine hämorrhagisch-nekrotisierende und 7 phlegmonöse Appendizitiden sowie 2 entzündungsfreie Befunde, davon eine neurogene Appendikopathie und ein neuroendokriner Tumor. Die 3 Patientinnen mit perforierter Appendizitis waren tendenziell älter (67,0 vs. 33,5 Jahre, p = 0,063) und zeigten ein höheres CRP bei Aufnahme (134,4 vs. 26,4 mg/l, p = 0,043). Operationszeit und Verweildauer waren länger (64 vs. 47 min, p = 0,033; 14 vs. 3 Tage, p = 0,004), ersteres vor allem aufgrund intensiverer intraoperativer Spülung (3000 vs. 500 ml, p = 0,013 bzw. 13 vs. 2 min, p = 0,011). In keinem Fall war eine Konversion notwendig; 2 der 3 postoperativen Komplikationen entfielen auf Patientinnen mit Perforation, was auch die verlängerte Verweildauer bedingte.

Schlussfolgerung

Technisch scheint die TVAE auch bei perforierter Appendizitis durchführbar zu sein. Die Operationsdauer ist dabei aufgrund der intensiveren Spülung verlängert. Ob die verlängerte Verweildauer allein auf die Perforation zurückzuführen ist oder die TVAE eine erhöhte Komplikationsrate bei Perforation bedingt, muss weiter geklärt werden.

Abstract

Background

Appendicectomy (AE), the most frequent emergency surgical procedure, can be performed as a transvaginal hybrid natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) technique (TVAE). The question of feasibility also arises in cases of advanced inflammation with perforation.

Material and methods

Since May 2012 all female patients with suspected acute appendicitis were offered a TVAE as an alternative to the standard procedure. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative parameters were registered prospectively.

Results

Until October 2013 a total of 13 TVAEs had been performed. The median age of the patients was 41 years (range 20–76 years), median BMI was 23.1 (range 18.1–28.3 kg/m2) and the American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA) distribution (I/II/≥ III) was 8/5/0. Histology revealed three cases of perforated, one hemorrhagic necrotizing and seven phlegmonous appendicitis. Furthermore, there were two findings without inflammation, namely one neurogenic appendicopathy and one neuroendocrine tumor. For the three patients with perforated appendicitis, there was a trend for higher age (67.0 years versus 33.5 years, p = 0.063) and a higher C-reactive protein (CRP) level on admission (134.4 mg/l versus 26.4 mg/l, p = 0.043). Also, procedural time and hospital stay were longer (64 min versus 47 min, p = 0.033 and 14 days versus 3 days, p = 0.004, respectively). The former was mostly due to more extensive intraoperative flushing (volume 3000 ml versus 500 ml, p = 0.013 and duration 13 min versus 2 min, p = 0.011). None of the cases required conversion but two of the three postoperative complications occurred in patients with perforation, which also resulted in the longer hospital stay.

Conclusion

Technically, TVAE seems feasible also in cases of perforated appendicitis. However, in these cases procedural time is prolonged due to more extensive flushing. Whether or not the longer hospital stay can be attributed to the perforation or if TVAE results in a higher rate of complications in cases of perforated appendicitis needs further evaluation.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. D.R. Bulian, J. Knuth, M.A. Ströhlein, A. Sauerwald und M.M. Heiss geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Bulian, D., Knuth, J., Ströhlein, M. et al. Transvaginale/transumbilikale Hybrid-NOTES-Appendektomie. Chirurg 86, 366–372 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-014-2774-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-014-2774-2

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