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Perforatorlappen

Eine neue Ära in der rekonstruktiven Chirurgie

Perforator flaps

A new era in reconstructive surgery

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Zusammenfassung

Multimodale Konzepte bei der Behandlung von Tumorerkrankungen erlauben immer öfter einen kurativen Therapieansatz trotz fortgeschrittener Erkrankungsstadien. Oftmals resultiert aber aus der radikalen Resektion des Tumorgewebes ein ausgeprägter funktioneller Defekt des Haut-Weichteil-Gewebes, dessen Rekonstruktion eine Herausforderung für die plastisch-rekonstruktive Chirurgie darstellt. Da sich die Herstellung von künstlichem Gewebeersatz durch „tissue engineering“ weitestgehend in einem experimentellen Stadium befindet, werden Defekte zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt überwiegend durch Verlagerung von autologem Gewebe rekonstruiert. Zum Einsatz kommen dabei unterschiedlichste Lappenplastiken, die jedoch mit mehr oder weniger ausgeprägten Hebedefekten einhergehen. Um diese möglichst gering zu halten, stellen sog. Perforatorlappenplastiken eine interessante Option der modernen rekonstruktiven Chirurgie dar. Bei deren Hebung wird die darunter liegende Muskulatur in situ belassen, die Hebemorbidität somit auf ein Minimum reduziert. Da immer ein Restrisiko des Verlustes einer Lappenplastik besteht, ist besonderes Augenmerk auf eine exakte präoperative Planung zu legen. Die Zuhilfenahme modernster bildgebender Verfahren, wie beispielsweise der CT-Angiographie, kann das Risiko eines totalen Verlustes der Lappenplastik minimieren und macht den Einsatz von perforatorbasierten Lappenplastiken zu einem sicheren Verfahren der rekonstruktiven Chirurgie.

Abstract

Multimodal therapeutic concepts in cancer therapy more and more often allow a curative approach even in advanced stages of the disease. Frequently, however, the radical resection of tumor tissue results in a significant defect of the soft tissue and the reconstruction is a challenge for reconstructive surgery. As tissue engineering for artificial tissue replacement predominantly still remains experimental, reconstruction of defects with autologous tissue constitutes state of the art treatment. Different types of flaps are used, which are, however, are accompanied by sometimes substantial defects at the donor site. To reduce donor site morbidity so-called perforator flaps represent an interesting option in modern reconstructive surgery. The flaps are raised without the underlying muscle which means a reduction of donor site morbidity to a minimum. As there still remains a residual risk for failure precise preoperative planning should be given a high priority. The use of modern imaging procedures, such as computed tomography (CT) angiography, can minimize the risk of total loss of the flap, making the use of perforator flaps a safe procedure in modern reconstructive surgery.

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Correspondence to R.E. Horch.

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Taeger, C., Horch, R., Dragu, A. et al. Perforatorlappen. Chirurg 83, 163–171 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-011-2137-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-011-2137-1

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