Skip to main content
Log in

Frühes Ösophaguskarzinom: Pro chirurgische Resektion

Early esophageal cancer: pro surgical resection

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Der Chirurg Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Endoskopische Verfahren werden zunehmend als onkologisch adäquate und im Vergleich zur Chirurgie weniger invasive Therapie des frühen Ösophaguskarzinoms propagiert. Ein Beweis der Überlegenheit oder Gleichwertigkeit endoskopischer Verfahren in kontrollierten Studien steht jedoch bislang aus. Vielmehr unterstützen die gültigen Leitlinien und die Analyse aktueller Daten die chirurgische Resektion mit Lymphadenektomie als Standardverfahren. Dies beruht auf folgenden Argumenten: 1. Eine sichere R0-Resektion des Primärtumors einschließlich multizentrischer Läsionen und deren Vorstufen ist derzeit in der Regel nur durch chirurgische Resektion möglich. 2. Die Abwesenheit von Lymphknotenmetastasen kann durch kein derzeit verfügbares bildgebendes Verfahren zuverlässig vorhergesagt werden. Eine chirurgische Resektion mit potenziell kurativer Lymphadenektomie sollte deshalb nur in gut definierten Ausnahmefällen unterlassen werden. 3. Die chirurgische Resektion und Lymphadenektomie ist in erfahrenen Händen heute mit niedriger Mortalität und Morbidität möglich. 4. Aussagekräftige und reproduzierbare Langzeitergebnisse bezüglich onkologischer Heilung und Lebensqualität aus größeren Serien der westlichen Welt liegen nur für chirurgisch behandelte Patienten vor. Die endoskopische Therapie stellt daher nur bei funktionell inoperablen Patienten und bei eng definierten „Low-risk-Situationen“ eine Alternative zur chirurgischen Resektion mit Lymphadenektomie dar.

Abstract

Endoscopic methods are increasingly propagated as oncologically adequate and less invasive treatment modalities for early esophageal cancer compared to surgery. The superiority or equality of endoscopic treatment has, however, so far not been proven by controlled trials. Current guidelines and an analysis of recently published data support surgical resection and lymphadenectomy as the standard of care for early esophageal cancer. This is based on the following arguments: 1) a reliable complete tumor resection with clear margins in all directions (R0 resection) including removal of all precancerous and precursor lesions can currently only be achieved by surgical resection, 2) none of the currently available staging tools allows definitive exclusion of lymphatic spread. A potentially curative surgical lymphadenectomy should thus only be omitted in well-defined subgroups. 3) In experienced hands surgical resection and lymphadenectomy can be performed with low mortality and morbidity, 4) reproducible and reliable data on long-term recurrence-free survival and quality of life are currently only available for surgical series. Thus, endoscopic therapy for early esophageal cancer is an alternative to surgical resection with lymphadenectomy only in patients unfit for surgery and in strictly defined low-risk situations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  1. Altorki NK, Lee PC, Liss Y et al (2008) Multifocal neoplasia and nodal metastases in T1 esophageal carcinoma: implications for endoscopic treatment. Ann Surg 247:434–439

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ancona E, Rampado S, Cassaro M et al (2008) Prediction of lymph node status in superficial esophageal carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 15:3278–3288

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Dubecz A, Stein HJ (2009) Endoscopic versus surgical therapy for early cancer in Barrett’s esophagus. Gastrointest Endosc 70:632–634

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ell C, May A, Pech O et al (2007) Curative endoscopic resection of early esophageal adenocarcinomas (Barrett’s cancer). Gastrointest Endosc 65:3–10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mino-Kenudson M, Ban S, Ohana M et al (2007) Buried dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett esophagus after porfimer-photodynamic therapy. Am J Surg Pathol 31:403–409

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Oh DS, Hagen JA, Chandrasoma PT et al (2006) Clinical biology and surgical therapy of intramucosal adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. J Am Coll Surg 203:152–161

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Pennathur A, Farkas A, Krasinskas AM et al (2009) Esophagectomy for T1 esophageal cancer: outcomes in 100 patients and implications for endoscopic therapy. Ann Thorac Surg 87:1048–1054

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Peyre CG, DeMeester SR, Rizzetto C et al (2007) Vagal-sparing esophagectomy: the ideal operation for intramucosal adenocarcinoma and Barrett with high-grade dysplasia. Ann Surg 246:665–671

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Pouw RE, Seewald S, Gondrie JJ et al (2010) Stepwise radical endoscopic resection for eradication of Barrett“s oesophagus with early neoplasia in a cohort of 169 patients. Gut 59:1169–1177

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Rice TW, Murthy SC, Mason DP et al (2011) Esophagectomy for clinical high-grade dysplasia. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg [Epub ahead of print]

  11. Rosmolen WD, Boer KR, Leeuw RJ de et al (2010) Quality of life and fear of cancer recurrence after endoscopic and surgical treatment for early neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus. Endoscopy 42:525–531

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Sepesi B, Watson TJ, Zhou D et al (2010) Are endoscopic therapies appropriate for superficial submucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma? An analysis of esophagectomy specimens. J Am Coll Surg 210:418–427

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Siewert JR, Stein HJ, Feith M et al (2001) Histologic tumor type is an independent prognostic parameter in esophageal cancer: lessons from more than 1,000 consecutive resections at a single center in the Western world. Ann Surg 234:360–367

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Stahl M, Budach W, Meyer HJ, Cervantes A (2010) ESMO Guidelines Working Group Esophageal Cancer: clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 21(Suppl 5):46–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Stein HJ, Feith M, Bruecher BL et al (2005) Early esophageal cancer: pattern of lymphatic spread and prognostic factors for long-term survival after surgical resection. Ann Surg 242:566–573

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Stein HJ, Rahden BH von, Feith M (2005) Surgery for early stage esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol 92:210–217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Theisen J, Feith M, Stein HJ, Siewert JR (2007) Management of early esophageal cancer. Adv Surg 41:229–239

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Vieth M, Ell C, Gossner L et al (2004) Histological analysis of endoscopic resection specimens from 326 patients with Barrett’s esophagus and early neoplasia. Endoscopy 36:776–781

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rahden BH von, Feith M, Stein HJ (2006) Limited surgical resection versus local endoscopic therapy of early cancers of the esophagogastric junction. Zentralbl Chir 131:97–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Rahden BHA von, Stein HJ (2007) Barrett’s esophagus with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia: observation, ablation or resection? Eur Surg 39: 249–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Rahden BH von, Stein HJ (2008) Endoscopic mucosal resection as curative therapy for esophageal cancer is inappropriate and should be discouraged. Endoscopy 40:169–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Williams VA, Watson TJ, Herbella FA et al (2007) Esophagectomy for high grade dysplasia is safe, curative, and results in good alimentary outcome. J Gastrointest Surg 11:1589–1597

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Yanjin M, Guangyi L, Xianzhi G, Wenheng C (1981) Detection and natural progression of early oesophageal carcinoma: preliminary communication. J R Soc Med 74:884–886

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H.J. Stein.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Stein, H., Schweigert, M. & Dubecz, A. Frühes Ösophaguskarzinom: Pro chirurgische Resektion. Chirurg 82, 495–499 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-010-2038-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-010-2038-8

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation