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Vollorgantransplantation bei Patienten mit HIV-Infektion

Ergebnisse einer Umfrage an deutschen Transplantationszentren

Organ transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients

Results of a survey in German transplantation centres

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Trotz erheblicher Fortschritte in der HIV-Therapie durch die Einführung einer hochaktiven antiretroviralen Kombinationstherapie wird eine Organtransplantation bei HIV-infizierten Patienten meist kategorisch abgelehnt und im Transplantationsgesetz der BRD unter „Kontraindikationen“ genannt. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob angesichts zunehmender Erfahrung diese Haltung noch gerechtfertigt ist.

Methoden

Im Januar 2003 wurde eine Umfrage an allen 87 deutschen Transplantationszentren durchgeführt. Gefragt wurde ob und wie viele HIV-positive Patienten vor bzw. nach Februar 2000 (Novelle des TPG) transplantiert worden sind, wie die generelle Bereitschaft ist, HIV-Infizierte zu transplantieren, und welche Erfahrung am jeweiligen Zentrum vorliegt.

Ergebnisse

Bei einer Rücklaufquote von 78% gaben 39% der befragten Zentren an, HIV-Patienten in Zukunft zur Transplantation zu akzeptieren. 39% lehnten dies ab. 20% votierten für eine Einzelfallentscheidung. Erfahrungen liegen in 3 Zentren mit 11 transplantierten Patienten (Lebertransplantationen) vor.

Schlussfolgerung

Viele Transplantationszentren machen die Entscheidung vom Einzelfall abhängig und lehnen eine Transplantation bei HIV-positiven Patienten nicht kategorisch ab.

Abstract

Background

Despite considerable advances following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, organ transplantation is usually denied categorically for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, and it is presented in German transplantation law as a contraindication. Today, this should be questioned critically.

Methods

A survey at all 87 German transplant centres was done concerning (1) how many HIV-positive patients were transplanted before and after February 2000, (2) willingness of the centres to transplant HIV-infected patients in the future, and (3) course of transplanted HIV patients so far.

Results

With a response rate of 78%, 39% of the questioned centres were accepting HIV patients in the future for transplantation, and 39% rejected this. Twenty percent voted for individual case decision. Three centres had practiced liver transplantation in 11 patients.

Conclusion

The decision to transplant HIV-positive patients in Germany is mostly based on individual cases and not refused in general. However, prospective studies on this issue are justified and needed.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom

CMV:

Cytomegalie Virus

HAART:

Hoch aktive antiretrovirale Therapie

HCV:

Hepatitis C Virus

HIV:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

HIVAN:

HIV assoziierte Nephropathie

MOV:

Multiorganversagen

POD:

Postoperativer Tag

TPG:

Transplantationsgesetz

TX:

Transplantation

UNOS:

United Network for Organ Sharing

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Danksagung

Die Autoren bedanken sich bei allen beteiligten Transplantationszentren für die Kooperation. Eine einzelne namentliche Nennung kann aufgrund der Vielzahl der Zentren und der Anonymisierung der Auswertung nicht erfolgen.

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Der korrespondierende Autor versichert, dass keine Verbindungen mit einer Firma, deren Produkt in dem Artikel genannt ist, oder einer Firma, die ein Konkurrenzprodukt vertreibt, bestehen.

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Correspondence to H. Lang.

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Frühauf, N.R., Köditz, R., Radecke, K. et al. Vollorgantransplantation bei Patienten mit HIV-Infektion. Chirurg 75, 681–686 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-004-0825-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-004-0825-9

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