Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die körperliche Aktivität stellt ein komplexes Verhalten dar, dessen valide und reliable Erfassung in groß angelegten populationsbasierten Studien mit besonderen Herausforderungen einhergeht. In der bundesweiten NAKO Gesundheitsstudie liegen zur Halbzeit der Basiserhebung die Daten zur körperlichen Aktivität für 100.000 Teilnehmende vor.
Ziel
Beschreibung der Erfassung der körperlichen Aktivität und Präsentation erster deskriptiver Ergebnisse.
Material und Methoden
Das multimodale Erhebungskonzept bestand aus zwei Fragebögen, dem Questionnaire on Annual Physical Activity Pattern (QUAP) und dem Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), einem computerbasierten Erinnerungsprotokoll der vergangenen 24 h (cpar24) und einer 7‑Tage-Akzelerometrie (Actigraph GT3X/+; Fa. ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL, USA).
Ergebnisse
Für die einzelnen Erhebungsmodule lagen auswertbare Datensätze in unterschiedlicher Zahl vor (QUAP: n = 16.372; GPAQ: n = 90.900; cpar24: n = 23.989; Akzelerometrie: n = 35.218). Die Analysen der einzelnen Module ergaben unterschiedliche Durchschnittswerte für die moderate oder intensive körperliche Gesamtaktivität der Teilnehmenden: Bei Frauen wurden 75–216 min/Tag gemessen, bei Männern 73–224 min/Tag. Personen der Altersgruppe 20–39 Jahre verbrachten 66–200 min/Tag in moderater oder intensiver körperlicher Gesamtaktivität, während Personen der Altersgruppe 40–69 Jahre 78–244 min/Tag aufwendeten.
Schlussfolgerung
Erste modulübergreifende Analysen der körperlichen Aktivität in der NAKO zeigen den Nutzen komplementär eingesetzter Erhebungsmethoden. Die umfangreichen Daten stellen eine wertvolle Ressource für die Charakterisierung der Zusammenhänge zwischen körperlicher Aktivität und Krankheitsprävention dar, die in der Zukunft erfolgen soll.
Abstract
Background
Physical activity is a complex behavior that is difficult to measure validly and reliably in large, population-based studies. Data on physical activity are available for the initial 100,000 participants of the German National Cohort.
Objectives
To describe the baseline physical activity assessment in the cohort and to present initial descriptive results.
Material and methods
Physical activity was assessed using a combination of tools, including two self-administered questionnaires, the Questionnaire on Annual Physical Activity Pattern (QUAP) and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ); a computer-based 24‑h physical activity recall (cpar24); and 7‑day accelerometry (Actigraph GT3X/+; ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL, USA).
Results
The availability of data varied between assessment instruments (QUAP: n = 16,372; GPAQ: n = 90,900; cpar24: n = 23,989; accelerometry: n = 35,218). Analyses across measurement tools showed that on average, women spent 75 to 216 min/d, and men spent 73 to 224 min/d in moderate or higher intensity total physical activity. Persons aged 20–39 years spent 66 to 200 min/d, and persons aged 40–69 years spent 78 to 244 min/d in moderate or higher intensity total physical activity.
Conclusions
Initial baseline analyses of physical activity in this cohort show the value of using a combination of questionnaires, 24‑h recalls, and a movement sensor. The comprehensive data collection represents a valuable resource for future analyses and will improve our understanding of the association between physical activity and disease prevention.
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Danksagung
Wir danken allen Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmern sowie allen Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie.
Förderung
Dieses Projekt wurde mit Daten der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie durchgeführt (www.nako.de). Die NAKO Gesundheitsstudie wird durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, Förderkennzeichen 01ER1301A/B/C und 01ER1511D), die Bundesländer und die Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft gefördert sowie durch die beteiligten Universitäten und Institute der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft finanziell unterstützt.
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M. Leitzmann, S. Gastell, A. Hillreiner, F. Herbolsheimer, S.E. Baumeister, B. Bohn, M. Brandes, H. Greiser, L. Jaeschke, C. Jochem, A. Kluttig, L. Krist, K.B. Michels, T. Pischon, A. Schmermund, O. Sprengeler, J. Zschocke, W. Ahrens, H. Baurecht, H. Becher, K. Berger, H. Brenner, S. Castell, B. Fischer, C.-W. Franzke, J. Fricke, W. Hoffmann, B. Holleczek, R. Kaaks, S. Kalinowski, T. Keil, Y. Kemmling, O. Kuß, N. Legath, W. Lieb, J. Linseisen, M. Löffler, R. Mikolajczyk, N. Obi, A. Peters, I. Ratjen, T. Schikowski, M.B. Schulze, A. Stang, S. Thierry, H. Völzke, K. Wirkner und K. Steindorf geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Alle beschriebenen Untersuchungen am Menschen wurden mit Zustimmung der zuständigen Ethik-Kommission, im Einklang mit nationalem Recht sowie gemäß der Deklaration von Helsinki von 1975 (in der aktuellen, überarbeiteten Fassung) durchgeführt. Von allen Teilnehmenden liegt eine Einverständniserklärung vor.
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Leitzmann, M., Gastell, S., Hillreiner, A. et al. Körperliche Aktivität in der NAKO Gesundheitsstudie: erste Ergebnisse des multimodalen Erhebungskonzepts. Bundesgesundheitsbl 63, 301–311 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-020-03099-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-020-03099-7