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Elektronische Medien in der Adipositas-Prävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Electronic media in obesity prevention in childhood and adolescence

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die steigende Adipositasprävalenz im Kindes- und Jugendalter ist unter anderem durch eine geringe körperliche Aktivität und einem damit einhergehenden hohen Medienkonsum bedingt. Gleichzeitig stellen elektronische Medien wie Tablet und Smartphone aufgrund der hohen Erreichbarkeit der Zielgruppe einen neuen Interventionsansatz zur Adipositasprävention dar.

Ziel der Arbeit

Eine übersichtliche Darstellung von Interventionen unter Nutzung elektronischer Medien zur Adipositasprävention im Kindes- und Jugendalter, um deren kurzfristige Wirksamkeit zu untersuchen und Rückschlüsse auf nachhaltige Effekte zu ziehen.

Methodik

Es erfolgte eine systematische Literaturrecherche in PubMed und Web of Science nach randomisierten und/oder kontrollierten Studien zum Einsatz elektronischer Medien in der Adipositasprävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen bis zum 18. Lebensjahr.

Ergebnisse

Nach einem ersten Screening wurden 909 Studien gefunden, von denen 88 in die Übersichtarbeit eingeschlossen wurden. Aktive Videospiele hatten einen positiven Effekt auf den Aktivitätsgrad der Studienteilnehmer, wenn sie in der Peer-Group gespielt wurden. Interventionen mittels Telefon (Festnetz) bewirkten positive Veränderungen von lebensstilrelevanten Verhaltensweisen. Interventionen mit Handys – u. a. regelmäßiger SMS-Versand – verringerten die Drop-out-Rate. Die bisher wenigen Interventionen mit Smartphones bei Jugendlichen deuten auf eine Verbesserung der kardiorespiratorischen Fitness hin. Ergebnisse internetbasierter Interventionen lassen einen Trend von positiven Effekten auf den Lebensstil erkennen. Die Kombination unterschiedlicher elektronischer Medien zeigte keinen Vorteil gegenüber dem Einsatz nur eines Mediums. TV-, DVD- oder videobasierte Intervention können zur Erhöhung der körperlichen Aktivität führen, wenn sie als Belohnung eingesetzt werden, wobei keine Effekte auf das Gewicht beobachtbar waren.

Diskussion

Kinder und Jugendliche wachsen heutzutage in einer sehr technik- und medienaffinen Gesellschaft heran, in der Computer, Tablets, Smartphones etc. ein fester Bestandteil im Alltag sind. Aus diesem Grund ist der Einsatz elektronischer Medien in der Adipositasprävention ein zeitgemäßes Interventionsinstrument. Die bisher verfügbaren Interventionsstudien unter Nutzung neuer Medien sind jedoch sehr heterogen in Bezug auf Interventionsmedium und -dauer. Sie konnten bisher keine positiven Effekte auf die Körperzusammensetzung aufzeigen, sondern lediglich auf bestimmte lebensstilrelevante Verhaltensweisen, dies aber bisher nur kurzfristig und mit geringen Effektstärken. Follow-up-Daten sind bisher kaum verfügbar.

Abstract

Background

The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity is – amongst other factors – due to changed leisure time habits with decreased physical activity and increased media consumption. However, electronic media such as tablets and smartphones might also provide a novel intervention approach to prevent obesity in childhood and adolescence.

Objectives

A summary of interventions applying electronic media to prevent childhood obesity is provided to investigate short term effects as well as long term results of these interventions.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed/Web of Science to identify randomized and/or controlled studies that have investigated the efficacy of electronic media for obesity prevention below the age of 18.

Results

A total of 909 studies were identified, and 88 studies were included in the analysis. Active video games did increase physical activity compared to inactive games when applied within a peer group. Interventions via telephone had positive effects on certain lifestyle-relevant behaviours. Interventions via mobile were shown to decrease dropout rates by sending regular SMS messages. To date, interventions via smartphones are scarce for adolescents; however, they might improve cardiorespiratory fitness. The results from internet-based interventions showed a trend towards positive effects on lifestyle-relevant behaviors. The combination of different electronic media did not show superior results compared to interventions with only one medium. Interventions via TV, DVD or video-based interventions may increase physical activity when offered as an incentive, however, effects on weight status were not observed.

Discussion

Children and adolescents currently grow up in a technology- and media-rich society with computers, tablets, smartphones, etc. used daily. Thus, interventions applying electronic media to prevent childhood obesity are contemporary. Available studies applying electronic media are however heterogeneous in terms of applied medium and duration. Positive effects on body composition were not observed, but only on certain lifestyle-relevant behaviours. In addition, these effects could only be seen in the short term. Follow-up data are currently scarce.

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Danksagung

Diese Arbeit wurde durch das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (BMG) im Rahmen einer Projektförderung unterstützt (FKZ ZMVI1-2515KIG010). Weiterhin danken wir für die Projektförderung durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), FKZ 01EO1001, im Rahmen der Förderung des Integrierten Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrums (IFB) AdipositasErkrankungen.

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  1. IFB Adipositas Erkrankungen, Universitätsmedizin Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103, Leipzig, Deutschland

    Susann Weihrauch-Blüher & Stefanie Koormann

  2. Interdisziplinäres SPZ, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland

    Jana Brauchmann & Susanna Wiegand

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  1. Susann Weihrauch-Blüher
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  2. Stefanie Koormann
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  3. Jana Brauchmann
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  4. Susanna Wiegand
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Correspondence to Susann Weihrauch-Blüher.

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S. Weihrauch-Blüher, S. Koormann, J. Brauchmann und S. Wiegand geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Weihrauch-Blüher, S., Koormann, S., Brauchmann, J. et al. Elektronische Medien in der Adipositas-Prävention bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Bundesgesundheitsbl 59, 1452–1464 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-016-2455-z

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