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International reference preparations for standardization of biological medicinal products

Internationale Referenzsubstanzen zur Standardisierung Biomedizinischer Arzneimittel

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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Abstract

International standards are prepared as materials assigned an arbitrary unitage for a biological activity by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization of the World Health Organization. Working reference materials are calibrated against international standards giving a common unit of measurement between laboratories. The references are assessed by a collaborative study including all relevant assays rather than by a single reference method as in the SI (Le Système international d’unités) system and the unitage assigned is an arbitrary value derived from a consensus of all valid methods. The process has proved valuable in assaying the activity of therapeutic biological medicines and in standardizing certain types of diagnostics. Issues arise with maintaining the unit when the primary reference must be replaced and to some extent in assessing the commutability of the reference with real life analytes.

Zusammenfassung

Internationale Standards werden vorbereitet, indem Substanzen vom Expert Committee on Biological Standardization der Weltgesundheitsorganisation WHO eine arbiträre Einheit für biologische Aktivität zugeschrieben wird. Referenzsubstanzen werden gegen den internationalen Standard kalibriert, sodass Labors eine gemeinsame Maßeinheit zur Verfügung steht. Das Assessment der Referenzen erfolgt in einer Kooperationsstudie (Ringversuch), in die alle relevanten Tests aufgenommen werden; d. h. anders als wie im SI(“Système International d’Unités”)-System durch eine einzelne Referenzmethode. Die zugeteilte Einheit ist dann ein arbiträrer, durch sämtliche valide Methoden konsentierter Wert. Dieser Prozess hat sich als wertvoll erwiesen, sowohl bei der Bestimmung der Aktivität von biologischen Therapeutika als auch bei der Standardisierung mancher Arten von diagnostischen Tools. Zu Schwierigkeiten mit der Beibehaltung der Einheit kommt es, wenn die primäre Referenz ersetzt werden muss, und bis zu einem gewissen Ausmaß kann auch die Bestimmung der Austauschbarkeit der Referenzsubstanz mit “real life” Analyten problematisch sein.

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P. Minor declares that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Minor, P. International reference preparations for standardization of biological medicinal products. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 57, 1145–1151 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-014-2027-z

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