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Schaben und Co.

Die Rolle von Gesundheitsschädlingen als Allergenquelle

Cockroaches and co

The role of health pests as allergen source

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Einerseits stellen Gesundheitsschädlinge, da sie Krankheitserreger oder Parasiten übertragen können, eine indirekte Gefahr für den Menschen bzw. für andere Säugetiere dar. Andererseits können sie als Allergenquelle aber auch eine unmittelbare Gefahr sein. Allerdings ist zu dieser Thematik bislang nur wenig bekannt. Die meisten dieser Gesundheitsschädlinge gehören zu den Gliederfüßern (Arthropoden), d. h. zu den Schaben (Blattaria), stechenden Mücken (Culiciformia), Wanzen (Bett-, Tauben- und Schwalbenwanze, Cimicidae), Kleiderläusen (Pediculus humanus corporis), Flöhen (Siphonaptera) und Zecken in Gebäuden (Argasidae). Bei den Wirbeltieren (Vertebraten) werden die Wanderratte (Rattus norvegicus), die Hausratte (Rattus rattus), die Hausmaus (Mus musculus) sowie verwilderte Haustauben (Columba livia domestica) zu den Gesundheitsschädlingen gezählt. Auch Vorratsschädlinge, die keine Krankheitserreger übertragen, können einen Sekundärbefall mit Hygieneschädlingen oder mit Schimmelpilzen ermöglichen. Sie stellen daher auch ein nicht zu unterschätzendes Gesundheitsrisiko dar. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden ausgewählte Gesundheits- sowie Vorratsschädlinge als Allergenquellen unter Angabe der Sensibilisierungsprävalenz sowie identifizierter Einzelallergene vorgestellt.

Abstract

In most of the cases health pests are carriers of pathogens or parasites which have a negative impact on human health or affect the health of other mammals. What is lesser known is that they can also act as allergens. Most of the health pests in this sense belong to the arthropods, such as cockroaches (Blattaria), mosquitos (Culiciformia), lice (Pediculus humanus corporis), fleas (Siphonaptera) and ticks (Argasidae). In the group of vertebrates rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus), house mice (Mus musculus) and pigeons (Columba livia domestica) are also classified as health pests. Also storage pests which are not carriers of pathogens can induce secondary infestation with hygiene pests or molds and have an underestimated impact on human health. In this article selected examples of health pests and also storage pests as an allergen source are described, taking into account the sensitization prevalence and identified single allergens.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. M. Raulf, I. Sander, D. Gonnissen, E. Zahradnik und T. Brüning geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Kompetenz-Zentrum Allergologie/Immunologie, Institut für Prävention und Arbeitsmedizin der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung, Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Deutschland

    M. Raulf, I. Sander, D. Gonnissen, E. Zahradnik & T. Brüning

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  1. M. Raulf
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  2. I. Sander
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  3. D. Gonnissen
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  4. E. Zahradnik
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  5. T. Brüning
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Correspondence to M. Raulf.

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Raulf, M., Sander, I., Gonnissen, D. et al. Schaben und Co.. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 57, 585–592 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-013-1926-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-013-1926-8

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