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Einfluss der Ernährung und des Essverhaltens auf die Entwicklung der Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Diet and eating habits in relation to the development of obesity in children and adolescents

  • Leitthema
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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Ernährung ist von zentralem Interesse in der ätiologischen Adipositasforschung. Ernährungsbezogene Forschung befasst sich hierbei nicht nur mit der Rolle einzelner Nährstoffe, sondern auch mit dem Zusammenspiel von Nährstoffen, mit einzelnen Lebensmitteln sowie mit Ernährungsmustern und -verhaltensweisen. Die longitudinale Datenlage zu ernährungsbezogenen Risikofaktoren bei der Entstehung von Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ist unzureichend und erlaubt daher keine abschließende Bewertung des Einflusses von Energiedichte, Kohlenhydrat- und Proteinaufnahme, sogenannten Snack-Foods und Fast Food sowie der Rolle von Mahlzeitenstruktur und Essgeschwindigkeit. Zur Rolle der Gesamtenergieaufnahme, des Fettkonsums und des Konsums von gezuckerten Getränken kann bei Kindern und Jugendlichen auf eine breitere Evidenzlage zurückgegriffen werden, die jedoch wenig konsistent ist. Ein Grund dafür können methodische Schwierigkeiten bei der Erfassung der Ernährung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sein. Als direkter Modulator der Energiebilanz muss Ernährung trotz inkonsistenter Ergebnisse jedoch als Teil einer umfassenden Strategie zur Bekämpfung von Übergewicht und Adipositas berücksichtigt werden.

Abstract

Diet is of major interest in research on the etiology of obesity. Research in this field comprises investigation of the role of individual nutrients and foods, nutrient composition, as well as dietary patterns and habits. Longitudinal data on the association between dietary factors and the development of obesity in childhood and adolescence are sparse; therefore, conclusions on the impact of energy density, consumption of carbohydrates and proteins, snack foods and fast food, meal patterns and speed of eating cannot be drawn. More data exist with respect to the role of energy intake and consumption of fat and sugar-sweetened beverages; however, findings are inconsistent. This could be due to methodological shortcomings that mark dietary assessment in children and adolescents. However, as a direct modulator of energy balance, diet still needs to be part of a comprehensive strategy to combat overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.

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  1. Bremer Institut für Präventionsforschung und Sozialmedizin (BIPS), Universität Bremen, Linzer Str. 10, 28359, Bremen, Deutschland

    A. Lanfer, A. Hebestreit &  W. Ahrens

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Lanfer, A., Hebestreit, A. & Ahrens, W. Einfluss der Ernährung und des Essverhaltens auf die Entwicklung der Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 53, 690–698 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-010-1086-z

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