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Der Einfluss des Rauchens in Filmen auf Kinder und Jugendliche

Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit

The impact of smoking in movies on children and adolescents

A systematic review

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Nach dem US-amerikanischen nationalen Krebsinstitut ist das Rauchen in Filmen neben anderen Risikofaktoren als kausaler Faktor für die Initiierung des Rauchens im Kindes- und Jugendalter anzusehen. Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation hat sich dieser Einschätzung angeschlossen und fordert ihre Mitgliedstaaten auf, Regelungen zu schaffen, die solche Darstellungen stark einschränken. In der vorliegenden systematischen Übersichtsarbeit werden methodisch hochwertige longitudinale und experimentelle Studien referiert, die belegen, dass Rollenmodelle, die in Filmen rauchen, Kinder und Jugendliche veranlassen können, mit dem Rauchen zu experimentieren. Die Interpretation dieses Zusammenhangs unter Berücksichtigung der Hill-Kriterien als kausal wird diskutiert. Zukünftige verhaltens- und verhältnispräventive Interventionen, die in Deutschland zur Eingrenzung dieser Problematik möglich wären, werden vorgestellt und diskutiert. Wünschenswerte verhaltenspräventive Interventionen wären die Stärkung der elterlichen Kompetenzen in der Medienerziehung und die Erhöhung der Medienkompetenzen der Kinder und Jugendlichen. Eine Klassifizierung aller neuen Kinofilme, in denen geraucht wird, als nicht jugendfrei wäre eine verhältnispräventive Intervention, von der der größte Effekt zu erwarten wäre, da so die Exposition Jugendlicher mit dem Risikofaktor Rauchen in Filmen nachhaltig verringert würde.

Abstract

In accordance with the conclusion of the US National Cancer Institute to consider smoking in films, in addition to other factors, as one risk factor for the initiation of smoking among children and adolescents, the World Health Organization has invited its member states to implement rules for limiting smoking depictions in films. Results of methodically high-value longitudinal and experimental studies which provide empirical evidence for the association between smoking depictions in films and smoking among children and adolescents are presented. Interpretation of this association as causal according to Hill criteria is discussed. In this systematic review, future personal and structural preventive interventions to address this problem in Germany are presented and discussed. Of special importance is the enhancement of both parental competence in media education as well as media literacy in children and adolescents. Rating films depicting smoking as approved for adults only could yield the largest effect, since it leads to an enduring reduction of exposure.

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Danksagung

Die Erstellung dieses Überblicks wurde vom Bundesministerium für Gesundheit und der Europäischen Kommission gefördert.

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  1. Institut für Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung (IFT-Nord), Harmsstr. 2, 24114, Kiel, Deutschland

    K. Maruska &  R. Hanewinkel

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  1. K. Maruska
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  2. R. Hanewinkel
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Correspondence to R. Hanewinkel.

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Maruska, K., Hanewinkel, R. Der Einfluss des Rauchens in Filmen auf Kinder und Jugendliche. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 53, 186–195 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-009-1007-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-009-1007-1

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