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Molekulare Analyse humaner Influenzaviren

Zirkulation von neuen Varianten seit 1995/96

Molecular analyses of human influenza viruses. Circulation of new variants since 1995/96

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Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die Evolution der Influenzaviren wird in zunehmendem Umfang außer mittels klassischer Methoden über molekulare Verfahren verfolgt. Im Vordergrund steht dabei die Analyse der beiden Hüllantigene Hämagglutinin (HA) und Neuraminidase (NA), die das Antigenprofil der Viren bestimmen. Die Influenza-A(H3N2)-Viren weisen eine besonders hohe Variabilität auf, sodass in der Regel mindestens 2 Virusvarianten kozirkulieren. Gemeinsam mit den Influenza-B-Viren verursachten sie etwa 90% der in Deutschland in den vergangenen 12 Saisons aufgetretenen Influenzavirus-Infektionen, während die A-(H1N1-)Viren nur eine untergeordnete Rolle spielten. In den Saisons 2001/02 und 2002/03 traten unerwartet reassortierte Viren des Subtyps A(H1N2) auf, die aber nur vereinzelt isoliert wurden und keine epidemiologische Bedeutung erlangten. In der Saison 2001/02 wurden zudem nach 10-jähriger Abwesenheit erstmalig wieder Influenza-B-Viren der Victoria-Linie in Deutschland und in anderen Ländern der Nordhalbkugel nachgewiesen. Auch hier kam es zu Reassortment-Ereignissen mit den kozirkulierenden Yamagata-like-Influenza-B-Viren, die sich am Auftreten von Viren mit einem Victoria-like HA und einem Yamagata-like NA zeigten.

Abstract

The evolution of influenza viruses is increasingly pursued by molecular analyses that complement classical methods. The analyses focus on the two surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) which determine the viral antigenic profile. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses are exceptionally variable, so that usually at least two virus variants cocirculate at the same time. Together with influenza B viruses they caused approximately 90% of influenza virus infections in Germany during the last 12 seasons, while influenza A(H1N1) viruses only played a subordinate part. Unexpectedly, reassorted viruses of subtype A(H1N2) appeared during the seasons 2001/02 and 2002/03, but were isolated only rarely and gained no epidemiological significance. Furthermore, during the season 2001/02 influenza B viruses of the Victoria-lineage reappeared in Germany and other countries of the northern hemisphere after 10 years of absence. These viruses reassorted with the cocirculating Yamagata-like influenza B viruses, as could be seen by the appearance of viruses with a Victoria-like HA and a Yamagata-like NA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, BRD

    B. Biere &  Brunhilde Schweiger

  2. Nationales Referenzzentrum für Influenza, FG 12 Virale Infektionen, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, BRD

    Brunhilde Schweiger

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  1. B. Biere
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Correspondence to Brunhilde Schweiger.

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Biere, B., Schweiger, B. Molekulare Analyse humaner Influenzaviren. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 51, 1050–1060 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-008-0634-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-008-0634-2

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