Zusammenfassung
Der Übergang von der Laborforschung in die klinische Anwendung ist ein Schlüsselproblem der Stammzellforschung. Die Forschung selbst ist ethisch umstritten, jedoch aufgrund der therapeutischen Nutzbarkeit ihrer Ergebnisse gerechtfertigt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll theoretisch und anhand eines Beispiels auf den Übergangsprozess von der Forschung in die Klinik eingegangen werden: Dargestellt wird die Entwicklung von Herzzellen aus embryonalen Stammzellen (ES-Zellen) mit dem Ziel, diese zur Regeneration von Herzgewebe bei Infarktpatienten zu nutzen. Zunächst werden Erkenntnisse aus der Forschung erläutert, anschließend wird auf die erforderlichen Schritte hin zu einer klinischen Anwendung eingegangen. Außerdem werden einige neue Entwicklungen in der Stammzellforschung diskutiert, d. h. 2 neue Methoden zur Gewinnung pluripotenter Zellen diskutiert: die Hybridisierung menschlicher Zellkern-DNA mit Kuheizellen und die genetische Manipulation adulter somatischer Zellen im Labor zum Zwecke der Herstellung von Pluripotenz.
Abstract
Translation from the laboratory to the clinic is one of the key problems of stem cell research. One reason for this is that stem cell science is ethically charged and therefore its successful therapeutic application would support its social legitimacy and further funding. We discuss translation both theoretically and with reference to an example, namely efforts regarding the creation of cardiomyocytes from embryonic stem cell lines with the aim to regenerate a patient’s myocardium post trauma. Using this case we explain the facts that need to be established scientifically and the subsequent steps that need to be taken in order to develop and implement clinical application. We also discuss aspects of current scientific development related to the moral charge of the research, in particular emerging methods aimed at the derivation of pluripotent cells, such as the hybridization of human DNA and animal egg cells, or the genetic modification of adult somatic cell nuclei in culture to induce pluripotency.
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Hescheler, J., Hauskeller, C. Von der Grundlagenforschung in die Klinik. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 51, 1014–1020 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-008-0629-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-008-0629-z