Skip to main content
Log in

Von der Grundlagenforschung in die Klinik

Probleme und Möglichkeiten der Stammzelltherapie

From basic research to the clinic. Obstacles and options for stem cell therapies

  • Leitthema: Forschung mit humanen embryonalen Stammzellen
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Der Übergang von der Laborforschung in die klinische Anwendung ist ein Schlüsselproblem der Stammzellforschung. Die Forschung selbst ist ethisch umstritten, jedoch aufgrund der therapeutischen Nutzbarkeit ihrer Ergebnisse gerechtfertigt. Im vorliegenden Beitrag soll theoretisch und anhand eines Beispiels auf den Übergangsprozess von der Forschung in die Klinik eingegangen werden: Dargestellt wird die Entwicklung von Herzzellen aus embryonalen Stammzellen (ES-Zellen) mit dem Ziel, diese zur Regeneration von Herzgewebe bei Infarktpatienten zu nutzen. Zunächst werden Erkenntnisse aus der Forschung erläutert, anschließend wird auf die erforderlichen Schritte hin zu einer klinischen Anwendung eingegangen. Außerdem werden einige neue Entwicklungen in der Stammzellforschung diskutiert, d. h. 2 neue Methoden zur Gewinnung pluripotenter Zellen diskutiert: die Hybridisierung menschlicher Zellkern-DNA mit Kuheizellen und die genetische Manipulation adulter somatischer Zellen im Labor zum Zwecke der Herstellung von Pluripotenz.

Abstract

Translation from the laboratory to the clinic is one of the key problems of stem cell research. One reason for this is that stem cell science is ethically charged and therefore its successful therapeutic application would support its social legitimacy and further funding. We discuss translation both theoretically and with reference to an example, namely efforts regarding the creation of cardiomyocytes from embryonic stem cell lines with the aim to regenerate a patient’s myocardium post trauma. Using this case we explain the facts that need to be established scientifically and the subsequent steps that need to be taken in order to develop and implement clinical application. We also discuss aspects of current scientific development related to the moral charge of the research, in particular emerging methods aimed at the derivation of pluripotent cells, such as the hybridization of human DNA and animal egg cells, or the genetic modification of adult somatic cell nuclei in culture to induce pluripotency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  1. Thomson JA, Itskovitz-Eldor J, Shapiro SS, et al. (1998) Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts. Science 282:1145–1147

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Beltrami AP, Barlucchi L, Torella D, et al. (2003) Adult cardiac stem cells are multipotent and support myocardial regeneration. Cell 114(6):763–776

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Anversa P, Kajstura J, Leri A, Bolli R (2006) Life and death of cardiac stem cells: a paradigm shift in cardiac biology. Circulation 113:1451–1463

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Beier H (2002) Totipotenz und Pluripotenz. Von der klassischen Embryologie zu neuen Therapiestrategien. In: Oduncu F, Schroth R, Vossenkuhl W (Hrsg) Stammzellforschung und therapeutisches Klonen. Vandenhoek und Ruprecht, Göttingen, S 36–54

  5. Hauskeller C (2005) Science in touch: functions of biomedical terminology. Biology Philosophy 20:815–835

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Nygren JM, Jovinge S, Breitbach M, et al. (2004) Bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells generate cardiomyocytes at a low frequency through cell fusion, but not transdifferentiation. Nature Med 10(5):494–501

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, et al. (2007) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell 131(5):861–872

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Yu J, Vodyanik MA, Smuga-Otto K, et al. (2007) Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science 318(5858):1917–1920

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Nakagawa M, Koyanagi M, Tanabe K, et al. (2008) Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells without myc from mice and human fibroblasts. Nature Biotechnol 26(1):101–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Cooksey D (2006) A review of UK health research funding. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. See: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk./media/4/A/pbr06_cooksey_final_report_636.pdf (28.4.2008)

  11. Roell W, Lu ZJ, Bloch W, et al. (2002) Cellular cardiomyoplasty improves survival after myocardial injury. Circulation 105:2435–2441

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Reppel M, Boettinger C, Hescheler J (2004) Betaadrenergic and muscarinic modulation of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Physiol Biochem 14:187–196

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wobus AM, Wallukat G, Hescheler J (1991) Pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells are able to differentiate into cardiomyocytes expressing chronotropic responses to adrenergic and cholinergic agents and Ca2+ channel blockers. Differentiation 48:173–182

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kolossov E, Bostani T, Roell W, et al. (2006) Engraftment of engineered ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes but not BM cells restores contractile function to the infarcted myocardium. J Exp Med 203(10):2315–2327

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Pillekamp F, Reppel M, Rubenchyk O, et al. (2007) Force measurements of human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in an in vitro transplantation model. Stem Cells 25(1):174–180

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Doss MX, Winkler J, Chen S, et al. (2007) Global transcriptome analysis of murine embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Genome Biol 8(4):R56

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jürgen Hescheler.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hescheler, J., Hauskeller, C. Von der Grundlagenforschung in die Klinik. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 51, 1014–1020 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-008-0629-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-008-0629-z

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation