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Pornographie und sexuelle Gewalt im Internet

Pornography and sexual abuse in the Internet

  • Leitthema: Sexualmedizin
  • Published:
Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die Frage, ob Pornographie im Internet sexuelle Gewalt fördert oder eher als Sicherheitsventil dient, ist ein gesundheits-, medien- und kriminalpolitisch wichtiges Thema. Studien zur Wirkung von Pornographie generell zeigen, dass Softcore-Pornographie und gewaltfreie Pornographie als harmlos gelten, während gewaltfreie Hardcore und Gewaltpornographie Aggressivität steigern können. Personen mit hohem Risiko für sexuelle Gewalt haben mehr Interesse an gewalttätiger Pornographie und werden durch diese stärker negativ beeinflusst. An 2 Fallbeispielen werden die besonderen Merkmale von Internetpornographie und Cybersex veranschaulicht: leichter Zugang von zu Hause, Anonymität, niedrige Kosten, Mannigfaltigkeit und Devianz des Materials, grenzenloser Markt, Auflösung der Grenzen zwischen Konsument und Produzent, interaktive Kommunikation, Experimentierraum zwischen Fantasie und realem Verhalten, virtuelle Identitäten, leichte Kontaktaufnahme zwischen Täter und Opfer bzw. verschiedenen Tätern sowie niedriges Entdeckungsrisiko. Dem Phänomen sexueller Sucht (oder Paraphilie-verwandte Störung) kommt beim problematischen Umgang mit Internetpornographie eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Neben präventiven Maßnahmen zum Schutz potenzieller Opfer werden für die Täterseite Behandlungsstrategien vorgestellt, die außer einer Beschränkung des Zugangs zu Internetsexualität die Therapie komorbider psychischer Störungen und Probleme (soziale Isolation, Trauerprozesse, Stress- und Wutmanagement, Schuld und Scham, Kindheitstraumata, kognitive Verzerrungen, Opferempathie), eventuell auch medikamentöse Behandlung und die Förderung einer integrativeren und beziehungsreicheren Sexualität umfassen.

Abstract

Internet pornography has been regarded as either stimulating sexual aggression and abuse or as serving as a safety valve. This controversy is an important issue in health, media and legal politics. According to empirical studies on pornography in general, soft-core pornography and nonviolent pornography can be regarded as harmless, whereas non-violent hard-core pornography and violent pornography may increase aggression. Individuals with a high risk for sexual aggression show more in terest in violent pornography and are stimulated more strongly through such material. Two case histories illustrate the characteristics of internet pornography and "cybersex": easy access, anonymity, affordability, wide range and deviancy of the material, unlimited market, blurring the borders between consumer and producer, interactive communication, space for experi menting between fantasy and in- reallife behavior, virtual identities, easy contact between offender and victim or among offenders, and low risk of apprehension. The phenomenon of "sexual addiction" (or paraphilia- related disorder) is particularly relevant for the problematic use of internet pornography. Preventive measures to protect possible victims are presented as well as treatment strategies for offenders. Beside limiting access to the internet, these include therapy of comorbid psychiatric disorders and psychological problems (social isolation, bereavement, stress- and anger-management, guilt and shame, childhood traumata, cognitive distortion, victim empathy), psychopharmacotherapy and the enhancement of a more integrative and relationshiporiented sexuality.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitätsklinikum, Hamburg-Eppendorf, BRD

    Andreas Hill, P. Briken & W. Berner

  2. Institut für Sexualforschung und Forensische Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, BRD

    Andreas Hill

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Correspondence to Andreas Hill.

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Hill, A., Briken, P. & Berner, W. Pornographie und sexuelle Gewalt im Internet. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 50, 90–102 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-007-0114-8

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