Zusammenfassung
Eine mögliche Ursache für Fieber unklarer Genese („fever of unknown origin“, FUO) ist das maligne neuroleptische Syndrom (MNS). Das MNS ist eine potenziell letale Nebenwirkung verschiedener Medikamente, u. a. der Neuroleptika. Die typischen Leitsymptome sind die Entwicklung von schwerem Rigor und Temperaturerhöhung in Verbindung mit neuroleptischer Medikation. Im Fallbeispiel wird über einen Patienten mit einer schizoaffektiven Störung berichtet, bei dem die Diagnose des MNS initial nicht eindeutig war. Letztlich konnten bei Fieber und einer massiv erhöhten Kreatinkinase(CK)-Konzentration als Zeichen einer Muskelschädigung die Diagnose gestellt und eine adäquate Therapie mit Dantrolen, Bromocriptin und Amantadin eingeleitet werden.
Abstract
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a possible cause of fever of unknown origin (FUO) and is a potentially fatal adverse effect of various drugs, especially of neuroleptics. First generation antipsychotics, such as received by the patient described in this article, are more likely to cause NMS than second generation antipsychotics. The key symptoms are the development of severe muscle rigidity and elevated temperature associated with the use of neuroleptic medication. Malignant catatonia (MC) is an important differential diagnosis of NMS. While neuroleptics can trigger NMS and must be immediately discontinued if NMS occurs, neuroleptic therapy represents the first line treatment for MC. This article describes the case of a patient with schizoaffective disorder where initially the diagnosis of NMS was not clear. Eventually, fever and a markedly elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) led to the correct diagnosis and the appropriate therapy with dantrolene, bromocriptine and amantadine. Furthermore, a thorough review of the currently available literature on NMS is provided.
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R. Chackupurakal, U. Wild, M. Kamm, F. Wappler, D. Reske und S.G. Sakka geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
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Chackupurakal, R., Wild, U., Kamm, M. et al. Malignes neuroleptisches Syndrom. Anaesthesist 64, 527–531 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-015-0046-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-015-0046-2