Zusammenfassung
Wie im Erwachsenenbereich auch konnte in der Kinderanästhesie die anästhesiologische Morbidität und Mortalität in den letzten Jahrzehnten deutlich reduziert werden. Trotzdem sind anästhesiologische Komplikationen bei Kindern immer noch viel häufiger als bei Erwachsenen, teilweise mit schweren Verläufen. Vor allem Neugeborene und Säuglinge, aber auch Kinder zu Notfalleingriffen und mit Begleiterkrankungen haben ein erhöhtes Risikopotenzial, relevante Komplikationen zu erleiden. Typische kinderanästhesiologische Komplikationen sind Atemwegsprobleme, Medikationsfehler sowie Schwierigkeiten bei der i.v.-Punktion und pulmonale Aspiration. Im postoperativen Verlauf sind Übelkeit und Erbrechen, Schmerzen und postoperative Agitation als typische Komplikationen zu nennen. Neben der konsequenten Prävention von Komplikationen in der Kinderanästhesie gilt es, Störungen der Homöostase schnell zu erkennen und umgehend zielgerecht zu behandeln. Abgesehen von der Kompetenz des durchführenden Anästhesieteams ist es v. a. die institutionelle Struktur, die Qualität und Sicherheit in der Kinderanästhesie steigern kann.
Abstract
As in adult anesthesia, morbidity and mortality could be significantly reduced in pediatric anesthesia in recent decades. This fact cannot conceal the fact that the incidence of anesthetic complications in children is still much more common than in adults and sometimes with a severe outcome. Newborns and infants in particular but also children with emergency interventions and severe comorbidities are at increased risk of potential complications. Typical complications in pediatric anesthesia are respiratory problems, medication errors, difficulties with the intravenous puncture and pulmonal aspiration. In the postoperative setting, nausea and vomiting, pain, and emergence delirium can be mentioned as typical complications. In addition to the systematic prevention of complications in pediatric anesthesia, it is important to quickly recognize disturbances of homeostasis and treat them promptly and appropriately. In addition to the expertise of the performing anesthesia team, the institutional structure in particular can improve quality and safety in pediatric anesthesia.
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Interessenkonflikt. K. Becke gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Der Beitrag enthält keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
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Becke, K. Komplikationen in der Kinderanästhesie. Anaesthesist 63, 548–554 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-014-2357-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-014-2357-0