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Tonsillotomien und Adenotomien im Kindesalter

Studie zu postoperativen Schmerztherapie

Tonsillotomy and adenotonsillectomy in childhood

Study on postoperative pain therapy

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das Hauptaugenmerk der Studie galt dem Schmerzniveau bei postoperativer Schmerztherapie mit einer parenteral verabreichten Kombination aus Paracetamol und Ketoprofen im Vergleich zur parenteralen Gabe der jeweiligen Einzelsubstanzen bei Kindern nach Adenotomien und Tonsillektomien. Des Weiteren wurden die Zeit bis zum Verabreichen der „Rescue“-Analgesie, der Propofolbedarf, das „postoperative vomiting“ (POV) und der Entlassungszeitpunkt aus dem Aufwachraum (AWR) erfasst.

Material und Methoden

Zur elektiven Adenotomie, Adenotonsillektomie oder Tonsillotomie erhielten 120 Kinder (3 bis 13 Jahre) randomisiert entweder Ketoprofen (Gruppe 1), Paracetamol (Gruppe 2) oder die Kombination aus beidem (Gruppe 3) nach Anästhesieeinleitung.

Ergebnisse

Während ihres Aufenthalts im AWR brauchten die Kinder der Kombinationsgruppe signifikant weniger Rescue-Medikation. Die höchsten Schmerz-Scores und die kürzesten Morphinanforderungszeiten wurden nach Paracetamol erfasst. Die allgemeine Erbrechensrate war mit 6,45% sehr niedrig. Der Propofolbedarf und der Zeitraum bis zur Entlassung aus dem AWR unterschieden sich nicht signifikant zwischen den 3 Gruppen.

Schlussfolgerung

In der postoperativen Schmerztherapie bei Kindern ist die i.v.-Kombinationstherapie von Paracetamol und Ketoprofen der i.v.-Gabe von Paracetamol überlegen.

Abstract

Background

The primary aim of this study was to determine whether the combination of i.v. ketoprofen and i.v. paracetamol provides superior postoperative analgesia in children undergoing adenoidectomy or tonsillotomy compared to either drug alone. The secondary goal was to assess the time until rescue analgesia was needed, propofol requirements and the incidence of vomiting and time of discharge from the postanaesthesia recovery unit (PARU).

Methods

This double-blinded study included 120 children (aged 3–13 years) scheduled for elective tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy. The children were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups of 40 children each, using the sealed envelope method. The children received i.v. ketoprofen 2 mg/kgBW (group 1) or paracetamol 15 mg/kgBW (group 2) or the combination of these 2 drugs (group 3) after induction of anaesthesia. Standardized general anaesthesia consisted of sevoflurane and fentanyl at a dose of 2–3 μg/kgBW. Pain was assessed using a 5-point scoring system based on the Smiley scale. The Smiley scale shows various faces from a laughing face which corresponds to the state of no pain to a very unhappy face which corresponds to the situation of worst pain (1: no pain, 2: mild pain, 3: moderate pain, 4: severe pain, 5: worst pain). Pain was assessed at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h after arriving in the PACU. If the pain score exceeded 2 an i.v. dose of 0.1 mg/kgBW morphine was administered as rescue analgesia.

Results

During the stay in the PACU the children in the combination group required significantly less supplementary rescue analgesia than children in the ketoprofen and paracetamol groups (17.5% versus 30.8% versus 45%, respectively, χ2 analysis <0.05). Pain scoring was highest after paracetamol, however, this difference was only significant when compared to the group receiving the combination of paracetamol and ketoprofen (U-test p<0.05). Rescue analgesia was administered earliest in group 2 (paracetamol) reaching statistical significance, however, only when compared to group 3 (logrank test p<0.05). Propofol requirements and time to discharge from the PACU did not differ significantly between the 3 groups (χ2 analysis; U-test; p>0.05). The overall incidence of vomiting was very low in this study with 6.4% (9/139). Significantly more children in the paracetamol group compared to ketoprofen group and combination group suffered from vomiting (17.5% versus 2.6% versus 2.5%; χ2 analysis; p<0.05). The time to discharge from PACU did not differ significantly between the 3 groups (U-test: p>0.05).

Conclusion

The combination of i.v. paracetamol and i.v. ketoprofen provides superior postoperative analgesia compared to the single use of paracetamol.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Klagenfurt/Wörthersee, Klagenfurt, Österreich

    M. Platzer, R. Likar, C. Wutti & C. Breschan

  2. Institut für Statistik, Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Österreich

    H. Stettner

  3. Abteilung für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Krankenhaus Spittal/Drau, Spittal, Österreich

    R. Jost

  4. Abteilung für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Klinikum Klagenfurt/Wörthersee, Klagenfurt, Österreich

    H. Leipold

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  1. M. Platzer
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Correspondence to M. Platzer.

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Platzer, M., Likar, R., Stettner, H. et al. Tonsillotomien und Adenotomien im Kindesalter. Anaesthesist 60, 625–632 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-011-1855-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-011-1855-6

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