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Fehler und Gefahren in der Regionalanästhesie bei Kindern

Risks and dangers in pediatric regional anesthesia

  • Fehler und Gefahren
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Zusammenfassung

In der Kinderanästhesie haben die periphere und die neuroaxiale Regionalanästhesie in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Im Gegensatz zum erwachsenen Patienten werden diese Verfahren bei Kindern aber üblicherweise in Kombination mit einer Allgemeinanästhesie durchgeführt. Dieses Vorgehen ist allgemein akzeptiert. Für die sichere Durchführung von regionalanästhesiologischen Verfahren in der Kinderanästhesie ist ein fundiertes Wissen über die anatomischen, physiologischen und pharmakokinetischen Besonderheiten dieser Patientengruppe unumgänglich. Bei Beachtung dieser Besonderheiten sind Komplikationen selten. Durch den Einsatz der Sonographie können Komplikationen eventuell zusätzlich vermieden werden. Insgesamt handelt es sich bei der peripheren und der neuroaxialen Regionalanästhesie um sichere Verfahren, die pädiatrischen Patienten nicht vorenthalten werden sollten. Im vorliegenden Artikel sollen häufige und seltene Komplikationen von regionalen Verfahren bei Kindern vorgestellt werden.

Abstract

In recent years peripheral and central regional anesthesia have become increasingly more important in pediatric anesthesia. Unlike adult patients, children typically receive regional anesthesia while under general anesthesia, an approach generally accepted among pediatric anesthesiologists. A well-founded knowledge of the specific anatomical, physiological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of pediatric patients is indispensable for safely practicing pediatric regional anesthesia. If attention is paid to these characteristics, complications are rare. The use of ultrasound when administering regional anesthesia can help reduce the risk of complications even further. Peripheral and central regional anesthesia are safe procedures which pediatric patients should not be deprived of. The present article discusses frequent as well as rare complications of pediatric regional anesthesia.

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  1. Klinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Olgahospital, Pädiatrisches Zentrum, Klinikum Stuttgart, Bismarckstr. 8, 70176, Stuttgart, Deutschland

    R. Hillmann DESA & F.-J. Kretz

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Correspondence to R. Hillmann DESA.

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Hillmann, R., Kretz, FJ. Fehler und Gefahren in der Regionalanästhesie bei Kindern. Anaesthesist 57, 165–174 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-008-1303-4

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