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Perfusion indices can predict early volume depletion in a blood donor model

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European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

Blood donation from healthy donors is used experimental model that surrogates for class 1 hemorrhage in humans. We examined changes in the perfusion index (PI) and plethysmographic variability index (PVI) in healthy blood donors after donating a unit of blood, and we evaluated the usability of these indices in detecting blood loss volumes of less than 750 mL (class 1 hemorrhagic shock trauma patients).

Materials and methods

This study is a prospective, cross-sectional study. 180 healthy volunteers aged 18 and over, who donated blood at the local blood bank, were included in the study consecutively. The age, gender, and body mass index of the volunteers were recorded and, before and after the blood donation, the vital signs and perfusion indices were measured.

Results

Of the donors, 61.7% were men (n = 111), and the median age of all donors was 32 (IQR: 21–39). A statistically significant difference was found between the hemodynamic parameters and PIs before and after the blood donation (p < 0.01 for all parameters; median difference of PI [− 1.45, 95% CI: (− 0.9)–( − 2)], median difference of PVI [6, 95% CI: 7.77–4.23].

Conclusion

We evaluated the perfusion indices in the early diagnosis of blood volume loss in patients admitted to the emergency department due to trauma. After the participants donated one unit of blood, we found that their PI decreased and PVI increased compared to the measurements before the blood donation. Considering that major bleeding starts in the very early stage as minor bleeding, it is essential for emergency physicians to recognize class 1 hemorrhagic shock patients. Further, non-invasive and straightforward procedures, such as measuring PI and PVI, can be particularly useful in identifying blood loss volumes of less than 750 mL.

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Availability of data and materials

The dataset generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from corresponding author.

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This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Pınarbaşı, SanatoryumCaddesiArdahan Sokak No: 25, 06280, Keçiören/Ankara, Turkey

    Özge Öztekin, Emine Emektar, Hazal Selvi & Yunsur Çevik

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  1. Özge Öztekin
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  2. Emine Emektar
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  3. Hazal Selvi
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  4. Yunsur Çevik
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Correspondence to Emine Emektar.

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The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Kecioren Training and Research Hospital Ethics Committee. The study protocol conforms to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki.

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Written informed consent was obtained from patients.

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Öztekin, Ö., Emektar, E., Selvi, H. et al. Perfusion indices can predict early volume depletion in a blood donor model. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 48, 553–557 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-020-01463-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-020-01463-5

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