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Hyperfractionated stereotactic reirradiation for recurrent head and neck cancer

Hyperfraktionierte akzelerierte stereotaktische Wiederbestrahlung von rekurrierten Kopf-Hals-Karzinomen

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Abstract

Purpose

The goal of this work was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of hyperfractionated stereotactic reirradiation (re-RT) as a treatment for inoperable, recurrent, or second primary head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) that is not suitable for systemic treatment.

Patients and materials

Forty patients with recurrent or second primary HNSCC were included in this study. The patients had a median gross tumor volume of 76 ml (range 14–193 ml) and a previous radiotherapy dose greater than 60 Gy. Treatment was designed to cover 95 % of the planning target volume (PTV, defined as gross tumor volume [GTV] + 3 mm to account for microscopic spreading, with no additional set-up margin) with the prescribed dose (48 Gy in 16 fractions b.i.d.). Treatment was administered twice daily with a minimum 6 h gap. Uninvolved lymph nodes were not irradiated.

Results

Treatment was completed as planned for all patients (with median duration of 11 days, range 9–14 days). Acute toxicity was evaluated using the RTOG/EORTC scale. A 37 % incidence of grade 3 mucositis was observed, with recovery time of ≤ 4 weeks for all of these patients. Acute skin toxicity was never observed to be higher than grade 2. Late toxicity was also evaluated according to the RTOG/EORTC scale. Mandible radionecrosis was seen in 4 cases (10 %); however, neither carotid blowout syndrome nor other grade 4 late toxicity occurred. One-year overall survival (OS) and local progression-free survival (L-PFS) were found to be 33 and 44 %, respectively. Performance status and GTV proved to be significant prognostic factors regarding local control and survival.

Conclusion

Hyperfractionated stereotactic re-RT is a reasonable treatment option for patients with recurrent/second primary HNSCC who were previously exposed to high-dose irradiation and who are not candidates for systemic treatment or hypofractionation.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel

Ziel der Studie war es, die Effektivität und Toxizität der hyperfraktionierten akzelerierten stereotaktischen Wiederbestrahlung (re-RT) für die Behandlung von Patienten mit Lokalrezidiv von fortgeschrittenen Kopf-Hals-Tumoren (“head and neck squamous cell cancer”, HNSCC), die für eine systemische Therapie nicht geeignet sind, zu untersuchen.

Patienten und Methodik

In die Studie wurden 40 Patienten mit rekurrierten oder sekundären HNSCC eingeschlossen. Die Patienten hatten ein medianes makroskopisches Tumorvolumen von 76 ml (Spanne 14–193 ml) und bereits Strahlentherapiedosen des primären Tumors von 60 Gy oder größer erhalten. Die Fraktionierung betrug 48 Gy in 16 Fraktionen über 8 Tage. Die Behandlung erfolgte 2-mal täglich mit einer Pause von minimal 6 h zwischen den Fraktionen. Die Behandlung musste 95 % des Planungszielvolumens (PTV, definiert als makroskopisches Tumorvolumen [GTV] + 3 mm zur Berücksichtigung der mikroskopischen Streuung, ohne zusätzlichen Saum) abdecken.Unbeteiligte Lymphknoten wurden nicht bestrahlt.

Ergebnisse

Alle Patienten absolvierten die Behandlung plangemäß (mediane Behandlungsdauer 11 Tage; Spanne 9–14 Tage). Für die Beurteilung der Akut- und Spättoxizität wurde die RTOG/EORTC-Skala verwendet. Die Inzidenz einer akuten Mukositis vom Grad 3 betrug 37 %, mit einer Heilungszeit von höchstens 4 Wochen bei allen betroffenen Patienten. Eine akute Hauttoxizität war nie größer als Grad 2. Spättoxizitäten wurden ebenfalls mit der RTOG/EORTC-Skala bewertet. Eine Kiefernekrose hatten 4 Patienten (10 %); allerdings wurde keine,Ruptur der Karotide bzw. keine andere Grad-4-oder Grad-5-Toxizitätbeobachtet. Die Ein-Jahres-Gesamtüberlebensrate (OS) lag bei 33 %, das lokale progressionsfreie Überleben (L-PFS) bei 44 %. Patientenstatus und GTV waren signifikante prognostische Faktoren für die lokale Tumorkontrolle und das Überleben.

Schlussfolgerung

Hyperfraktionierte akzelerierte stereotaktische re-RT ist eine interessante Wahl für Patienten mit rekurrierten oder sekundären HNSCC, die für eine systemische Therapie nicht geeignet sind.

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Acknowledgment

Institutional support—RVO-FNOs/2012—was received for this work.

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Correspondence to Jakub Cvek M.D., PH.D..

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Conflicts of interest

J. Cvek, L. Knybel, E. Skacelikova, J. Stransky, P. Matousek, K. Zelenik, O. Res, B. Otahal, L. Molenda, and D. Feltl state that there are no conflicts of interest.

All studies on humans described in the present manuscript were carried out with the approval of the responsible ethics committee and in accordance with national law and the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 (in its current, revised form). Informed consent was obtained from all patients included in studies.

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Cvek, J., Knybel, L., Skacelikova, E. et al. Hyperfractionated stereotactic reirradiation for recurrent head and neck cancer. Strahlenther Onkol 192, 40–46 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-015-0886-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-015-0886-3

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