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Proxy assessment of patients before and after radiotherapy for brain metastases

Results of a prospective study using the DEGRO brain module

Fremdeinschätzung von Patienten vor und nach Strahlentherapie bei Hirnmetastasen

Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie unter Verwendung des DEGRO-Hirn-Moduls

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Abstract

Purpose

Proxies of patients with poor performance status could give useful information about the patients’ quality of life (QoL). We applied a newly developed questionnaire in a prospective QoL study of patients undergoing radiotherapy for brain metastases in order to make the first move to validate this instrument, and we compared the results with scores obtained using validated patient-completed instruments.

Materials and methods

From January 2007 to June 2010,  166 patients with previously untreated brain metastases were recruited at 14 centers in Germany and Austria. The EORTC-QLQ-C15-PAL and the brain module BN20 were used to assess QoL in patients at the start of treatment and 3 months later. At the same time points, 141 of their proxies estimated the QoL with the new DEGRO brain module (DBM), a ten-item questionnaire rating the general condition as well as functions and impairment by symptoms in areas relevant to patients with brain metastases.

Results

At 3 months, 85 of 141 patients (60%) with initial response by a proxy were alive. Sixty-seven of these patients (79% of 3-month survivors) and 65 proxies completed the second set of questionnaires. After 3 months, QoL significantly deteriorated in all items of proxy-assessed QoL except headache. Correlations between self-assessed and proxy-assessed QoL were high in single items such as nausea, headache, and fatigue.

Conclusions

The high correlation between self-assessment and proxy ratings as well as a similar change over time for both approaches suggest that in patients with brain metastases, proxy assessment using the DBM questionnaire can be an alternative approach to obtaining QoL data when patients are unable to complete questionnaires themselves. Our self-constructed and first applied DBM is the only highly specific instrument for patients with brain metastases, but further tests are needed for its final validation.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Angehörige von Patienten in reduziertem Allgemeinzustand können nützliche Informationen zur Lebensqualität (QoL) der Patienten geben. Wir ermittelten mit einem neu entwickelten Fragebogen im Rahmen einer prospektiven QoL-Studie die Fremdeinschätzung von Patienten unter Radiotherapie bei Hirnmetastasen und verglichen die Ergebnisse mit Erhebungen mittels validierter Instrumente durch die Patienten selbst.

Material und Methoden

Von 01/2007 bis 06/2010 wurden n = 166 Patienten mit bisher unbehandelten Hirnmetastasen an 14 Zentren in Deutschland und Österreich rekrutiert. Der EORTC-QLQ-C15-PAL-Fragebogen und das hirnspezifische Modul BN20 wurden verwendet, um die QoL von Patienten zu Beginn der Radiotherapie und nach 3 Monaten zu erheben. Zu den gleichen Zeitpunkten schätzten 141 der Angehörigen die QoL mit dem neuen DEGRO-Hirn-Modul ein, einem Fragebogen mit 10 Items, die den Allgemeinzustand, aber auch Funktionen und Beeinträchtigungen im für Patienten mit Hirnmetastasen relevanten Bereich betreffen.

Ergebnisse

Nach 3 Monaten waren 85 von 141 Patienten (60%) mit initialer Angabe der QoL durch einen Angehörigen noch am Leben. Das zweite Fragebogenset füllten 67 dieser Patienten (79% der 3-Monats-Überlebenden) und 65 Angehörige aus. Nach 3 Monaten verschlechterte sich die QoL signifikant in allen Items der Fremdeinschätzung mit Ausnahme der Kopfschmerzen. Die Korrelationen zwischen Selbst- und Fremdeinschätzung waren insbesondere in Einzelitems wie Übelkeit, Kopfschmerzen und Fatigue hoch.

Schlussfolgerung

Aufgrund der hohen Korrelation zwischen Selbst- und Fremdeinschätzung und des ähnlichen zeitlichen Verlaufs der erhobenen Werte bei Patienten mit Hirnmetastasen und ihren Angehörigen kann die Fremdeinschätzung mit dem DEGRO-Hirn-Modul eine Alternative darstellen, wenn die Patienten die Fragebögen nicht selbstständig ausfüllen können. Unser selbst entwickeltes und zum ersten Mal eingesetzte DEGRO-Hirn-Modul ist das einzige hoch spezifisches Instrument für Patienten mit Hirnmetastasen. Allerdings sind noch weitere Untersuchungen für die abschließende Validierung erforderlich.

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Acknowledgments

The study was supported by a foundation of the Equal Opportunities Office of the Medical School Hannover. We thank T. Bölling, Münster; E. Bosch and U. Schleicher, Düren; U. Eichenseder-Seiss, Krems; N. Gharbi, M. Theodorou, and A. Müller, TU München; F. Bruns and G. Ernst, Hannover; J. Hagg, Ulm; I. Kleff, Traunstein, S. Sehlen, LMU München; and F. Zehentmayr, Salzburg, for their good ideas in the initiation and analysis of this study and in helping to recruit patients. We are very grateful to Christina Soika-Giles for proofreading this paper.

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. Steinmann MD PhD.

Additional information

On behalf of the Quality of Life Working Party of the German Radiation Oncology Society (DEGRO).

Appendix 1: DEGRO brain module for assessment of quality of life by proxies (developed by C. Schäfer)

Appendix 1: DEGRO brain module for assessment of quality of life by proxies (developed by C. Schäfer)

1. How would you rate the general condition of your ill relative?

Very poor

Poor

Intermediate

Good

Very good

0

+1

+2

+3

+4

2. How much has your ill relative been bothered by headaches?

Very much

A lot

Intermediate

A little

Very little

0

+1

+2

+3

+4

3. How much has your ill relative been bothered by nausea?

Very much

A lot

Intermediate

A little

Very little

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+1

+2

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+4

4. How much has your ill relative been bothered by fatigue?

Very much

A lot

Intermediate

A little

Very little

0

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+2

+3

+4

5. Has your ill relative been interested in participating in the lives of others?

Very little

A little

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+1

+2

+3

+4

6. Has your ill relative been interested in taking over tasks for others?

Very little

A little

Intermediate

A lot

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7. How satisfied has your ill relative been?

Very little

A little

Intermediate

A lot

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8. How balanced has your ill relative been?

Very little

A little

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A lot

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9. How would you rate the attention of your ill relative in everyday life?

Very little

A little

Intermediate

A lot

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10. How would you rate the ability of your ill relative to participate in a longer conversation?

Very poor

Poor

Intermediate

Good

Very good

0

+1

+2

+3

+4

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Steinmann, D., Vordermark, D., Geinitz, H. et al. Proxy assessment of patients before and after radiotherapy for brain metastases. Strahlenther Onkol 189, 47–53 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-012-0239-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-012-0239-4

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