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Herzfrequenzkontrolle im Schock

Heart rate control in shock

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Zusammenfassung

Die Herzfrequenz ist in der Diagnostik des Schocks gut etabliert. Die Mechanismen, die der Regulation von Herzfrequenz, Gefäßwiderstand und Blutdruck zugrunde liegen, sind jedoch wenig bekannt. Das Konzept, die im Schock häufig vorliegende Tachykardie zu begrenzen, um die Hämodynamik zu optimieren, ist mindestens 50 Jahre alt. Das Auftreten hoher Herzfrequenzen im septischen Schock konnte als Indikator einer zunehmend ineffizienten Hämodynamik, verschlechterten Perfusion und Organfunktion sowie als prognostisch ungünstig identifiziert werden. Da die Mehrzahl der Pharmaka, die die Herzfrequenz senken, auch eine Blutdrucksenkung bewirkt, war die Herausforderung dieses therapeutischen Ansatzes, das Optimum zwischen ausreichender Frequenzkontrolle und unkritischer Blutdrucksenkung zu erzielen. Jedoch konnte erst in den letzten Jahren mit der Entwicklung hochkardioselektiver und kurz- und ultrakurzwirksamer β‑Blocker wie Esmolol und Landiolol gezeigt werden, dass die Herzfrequenzkontrolle in einigen Schockformen einen sinnvollen und nützlichen Therapieansatz darstellt.

Abstract

Heart rate is well established in the diagnosis of shock; however, the mechanisms regulating heart rate, systemic resistance and blood pressure remain unclear. The concept of heart rate control in shock-related tachycardia has been known for about 50 years. Elevated heart rates in septic shock have been identified as an indicator of increasingly inefficient hemodynamics, worsening perfusion and organ function as well as of an unfavourable prognosis. Many drugs used for heart rate control also lower blood pressure. The challenge of this therapeutic concept is achieving optimal heart rate control without provoking critical hypotension. Only in recent years has the development of highly cardioselective, short- and ultrashort-acting β‑blockers such as esmolol and landiolol made it possible to prove the feasibility and usefulness of heart rate control in certain types of shock.

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Correspondence to Henning Lemm.

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H. Lemm und M. Buerke geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Michael Buerke, Siegen

Alexander Geppert, Wien

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Lemm, H., Buerke, M. Herzfrequenzkontrolle im Schock. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 117, 200–205 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-022-00908-6

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