Abstract
Background
Transcoronary pacing is used for treatment of unheralded bradycardias in the setting of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).
Objectives
In the present study we introduced a new concept – the double guidewire approach – for transcoronary pacing in a porcine model.
Methods
Transcoronary pacing was applied in 16 adult pigs under general anaesthesia in an animal catheterization laboratory. A special guidewire with electrical insulation by PTFE coating except for the distal part of the guidewire was positioned in the periphery of a coronary artery serving as the cathode. As the indifferent anode, an additional standard floppy tip guidewire was advanced into the proximal part of the same coronary vessel. The efficacy of double guidewire transcoronary pacing was assessed by measurement of threshold and impedance data and the magnitude of the epicardial electrogram compared with unipolar transcoronary pacing using a standard cutaneous patch electrode as indifferent anode.
Results
Transcoronary pacing was effective in all cases. Pacing thresholds obtained with the double guidewire technique (1.5 ± 0.9 V) were similar to those obtained by standard unipolar transcoronary pacing with a cutaneous patch electrode (1.2 ± 0.7 V) and unipolar transvenous pacing against the same cutaneous patch electrode (1.5 ± 1.0 V). Bipolar transvenous pacing yielded the lowest pacing threshold at 0.8 ± 0.4 V.
Conclusions
Transcoronary pacing in the animal model with the novel “double guidewire approach” is a simple and effective pacing technique with comparable pacing thresholds obtained by standard unipolar transcoronary and transvenous pacing.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die transkoronare Notfallstimulation ist ein Verfahren zur Therapie unerwarteter Bradykardien bei perkutanen Koronarinterventionen (PCI).
Ziel der Arbeit
In der vorliegenden Studie wurde hierzu ein neues Konzept – die „Doppeldrahtstimulation“ unter Verwendung eines beschichteten Führungsdrahts – im Tierexperiment am Schwein evaluiert.
Methoden
Die transkoronare Stimulation wurde in Allgemeinanästhesie bei 16 erwachsenen Schweinen in einem Tierkatheterlabor durchgeführt. Hierzu wurde ein spezieller Führungsdraht – mit elektrischer Isolierung durch PTFE-Beschichtung außer im distalen Teil des Führungsdrahts – in der Peripherie des entsprechenden Gefäßes positioniert. Er diente als Kathode. Ein zweiter Standardführungsdraht mit biegsamer Spitze wurde in den proximalen Anteil desselben Koronargefäßes vorgeschoben und diente als indifferente Elektrode. Die Wirksamkeit der transkoronaren Stimulation mit doppeltem Führungsdraht wurde anhand der Messung der Reizschwellen- und Impedanzdaten sowie der Amplitude des epikardialen Elektrogramms im Vergleich zur unipolaren transkoronaren Stimulation unter Einsatz einer Standard-Hautklebeelektrode als indifferente Anode ermittelt.
Ergebnisse
Mit der Technik der transkoronaren „Doppeldrahtstimulation“ konnte eine 100 %ige Stimulationseffizienz bei einer Reizschwelle von 1,5 ± 0,9 V erzielt werden. Dabei war die Reizschwelle ähnlich wie bei unipolarer transkoronarer Standardstimulation mit einer Hautklebeelektrode (1,2 ± 0,7 V) und unipolarer transvenöser Stimulation gegen dieselbe Hautklebeelektrode (1,5 ± 1,0 V). Die bipolare transvenöse Stimulation führte zur niedrigsten Reizschwelle von 0,8 ± 0,4 V.
Schlussfolgerung
Das vorgestellte neuartige „Doppeldrahtkonzept“ ist im Tiermodell somit ein effektives und in der Anwendung einfaches Konzept für eine transkoronare Notfallstimulation bei Koronarinterventionen, dabei sind die Reizschwellen mit unipolarer transkoronarer Standardstimulation und transvenöser Stimulation vergleichbar.
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K.M. Heinroth, S. Unverzagt, D. Mahnkopf, S. Frantz and R. Prondzinsky declare that they have no competing interests.
This study was supported by a restricted grant from Biotronik Cooperation (Biotronik, Berlin, Germany). K.M. Heinroth, S. Unverzagt, D. Mahnkopf, S. Frantz and R. Prondzinsky do not have any affiliations with this company. Data analysis and interpretation was performed completely independent from this company. The study was conducted according to the regulations of the local animal-based research authorities.
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Heinroth, K.M., Unverzagt, S., Mahnkopf, D. et al. The double guidewire approach for transcoronary pacing in a porcine model. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 112, 622–628 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-016-0235-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-016-0235-z