Skip to main content
Log in

Intoxikationen bei Schwangeren

Poisonings in pregnancy

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Medizinische Klinik - Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Vergiftungen bei Schwangeren, v. a. in suizidaler Absicht, verursachen große Unsicherheit hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen der Intoxikation und deren Behandlung auf das Ungeborene. Häufig wird das Fehlbildungsrisiko nach Überdosis überschätzt. Wenn die Mutter nicht vital bedroht ist und es sich nicht um Medikamente handelt, die in therapeutischer Dosis als teratogen angesehen werden, ist nach heutigem Wissensstand kein erhebliches Risiko für den Embryo anzunehmen. Dies gilt für die bei Suizidversuchen relativ häufig verwendeten Mittel wie Paracetamol und Eisenpräparate, Mischintoxikationen mit Psychopharmaka sowie für Schlangenbisse und Knollenblätterpilzingestion. Entscheidend ist, dass die Schwangere so behandelt wird wie eine Nichtschwangere, d. h. dass therapeutische Maßnahmen, die aus aktueller klinisch-toxikologischer Sicht indiziert sind, eingesetzt werden. Die Entwicklung des Feten muss bei relevanten Vergiftungen mit weiterführender Ultraschalldiagnostik kontrolliert werden; dies betrifft unmittelbare Auswirkungen auf Vitalität, Herzfrequenz und Bewegungsmuster sowie Organfehlbildungen und Wachstumsstörungen im weiteren Verlauf. Ein Schwangerschaftsabbruch aus Furcht vor einer Schädigung der Frucht ist im Allgemeinen nicht gerechtfertigt.

Abstract

Attempted suicides and poisonings in pregnancy are a challenge for health care professionals because of the unknown effects of the toxic agent and the antidote therapy on the unborn. In case of intoxication, the malformation risk is often overestimated. In contrast, pertinent data show that the risk is not very high as long as the drug is not known as a teratogen and the mother’s health is not substantially impaired. This applies to suicide attempts with acetaminophen, iron-containing products, and multidrug overdoses with psychopharmaceuticals as well as snake and spider bites and the ingestion of poisonous mushrooms. It is of utmost importance that the pregnant patient receives the same detoxification and supportive therapy following pertinent guidelines as a non-pregnant patient. The fetus should be followed-up by ultrasound with special focus on its vital parameters, movement pattern, and normal growth and organ differentiation. As long as the maternal health status is not substantially impaired, there is no indication to discuss elective termination of pregnancy “for toxicological reasons”.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  1. Anonymus (2001) Aspirin overdose in mother and fetus. North American Conference of Clinical Toxicology (NACCT), abstract review

  2. Bailey B (2003) Are there teratogenic risks associated with antidotes used in the acute management of poisoned pregnant women. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol 67:133–140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Barlow SM, Sullivan FM (1982) Reproductive hazards of industrial chemicals. Academic Press, London

  4. Barry JD, Chin EJ, Borys DJ (2008) Snake envenomation in pregnant patients during the Fab antibody fragment antivenom era (abstract). Clin Toxicol 46:597

    Google Scholar 

  5. Belliadro E, Massano G, Accomo S (1983) Amatoxins do not cross the placental-barrier. Lancet 1:1381

    Google Scholar 

  6. Belson M, Morgan BW (2004) Methanol toxicity in a newborn. J Toxicol 42:673–677

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Blache JL, Jean PH, Vigouroux C et al (1982) Fatal colchicine poisoning. Two particular cases. Intensive Care Med 8:249 (abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Czeizel AE, Tomcsik M, Timar L (1997) Teratologic evaluation of 178 infants born to mothers who attempted suicide by drugs during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 90:195–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Daya MR, Irwin R, Parshley MC et al (1989) Arsenic ingestion in pregnancy. Vet Hum Toxicol 31:347

    Google Scholar 

  10. Elghblawi E (2009) Loxoscelism in a pregnant woman. Eur J Dermatol 19(3):289

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Flint C Larsen H, Nielsen GL et al (2002) Pregnancy outcome after suicide attempt by drug use: a Danish population-based study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 81:516–522

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hansen LM, Megerian G, Donnenfeld AE (1997) Haloperidol overdose during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 90:659–661

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Hantson P, Lambermont JY, Mahieu P (1997) Methanol poisoning during late pregnancy. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 35:187–191

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hoffmann RS (2000) Thallium poisoning during pregnancy: a case report and comprehensive literature review. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 38:767–775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Horowitz RS, Dart RC, Jarvie DR et al (1997) Placental transfer of N-acetylcysteine following human maternal acetaminophen toxicity. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 35:447–451

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Jajoo M, Saxena S, Pandey M (2010) Transplacentally acquired organophosphorus poisoning in a newborn: case report. Ann Trop Paediatr 30:137–139

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. James RF (1985) Snake bite in pregnancy. Lancet 2:731

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kaufmann MM, Müller A, Paweletz N et al (1978) Fetal damage due to mushroom poisoning with Amanita phalloides during the first trimester of pregnancy. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 38:122–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kłys M, Rojek S, Rzepecka-Woźniak E (2007) Neonatal death following clozapine self-poisoning in late pregnancy: an unusual case report. Forensic Sci Int 171:e5–e10

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Langley RL (2010) Snakebite during pregnancy: a literature review. Wilderness Environ Med 21:54–60

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lurie Y, Bentur Y (2010) Vipera palaestinae bite and serum sickness during pregnancy. J Emerg Med 38:e67–70

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Maresch R (1929) Über einen Fall von Kohlenoxydgasschädigung des Kindes in der Gebärmutter. Wien Med Wochenschr 79:454–456

    Google Scholar 

  23. McElhatton PR, Garbis H, Schaefer C (2001) Poisons and overdoses. In Schaefer C (Hrsg) Drugs during pregnancy and lactation, 2001. Elsevier, Amsterdam, S 206–213

  24. McElhatton PR, Bateman DN, Evans C et al (1998) The outcome of pregnancy following iron overdose by the mother. Br J Clin Pharmacol 45:212–213

    Google Scholar 

  25. Morrison GA, Lang C, Huda S (2006) Botulism in a pregnant intravenous drug abuser. Anaesthesia 61:57–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Nasu K, Ueda T, Miyakawa I (2004) Intrauterine fetal death caused by pit viper venom poisoning in early pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest 57:114–116

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Pant HP, Poudel R, Dsovza V (2010) Intrauterine death following green tree viper bite presenting as antepartum hemorrhage. Int J Obstet Anesth 19:102–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Saygan-Karamursel B, Guven S, Onderoglu L et al (2005) Mega-dose carbamazepine complicating third trimester of pregnancy. J Perinat Med 33:72–75

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Schaefer C, Spielmann H, Vetter K, Weber-Schöndorfer C (2012) Arzneimittel in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit, 8. Aufl. Urban & Fischer/Elsevier, München

  30. Schleufe P, Seidel C (2003) Amanita poisoning during pregnancy. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 38:716–718

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Silverman RK, Montano J (1997) Hyperbaric oxygen treatment during pregnancy in acute carbon monoxide poisoning. J Reprod Med 42:309–311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Tran T, Wax JR, Philput C et al (2000) Intentional iron overdose in pregnancy-management and outcome. J Emerg Med 18:225–228

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Velez LI, Kulstad E, Shepherd G et al (2003) Inhalational methanol toxicity in pregnancy treated twice with fomepizole. Vet Hum Toxicol 45:28–30

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Wacker A, Riethmüller J, Zilker T et al (2009) Fetal risk through maternal Amanita phalloides poisoning at the end of pregnancy. Am J Perinatol 26:211–213

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Wilkes JM, Clark LE, Herrera JL (2005) Acetaminophen overdose in pregnancy. South Med J 98:1118–1122

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Wolfe MD, Myers O, Caravati EM et al (2011) Black widow spider envenomation in pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 24:122–126

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Yildiz H, Aldemir E, Altuncu E et al (2010) A rare cause of perinatal asphyxia: maternal carbon monoxide poisoning. Arch Gynecol Obstet 281:251–254

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to C. Schaefer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schaefer, C., Hoffmann-Walbeck, P. Intoxikationen bei Schwangeren. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 107, 118–122 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-011-0036-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-011-0036-3

Schlüsselworte

Keywords

Navigation