Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund:
Weltweit sind 350 Millionen Menschen mit dem Hepatitis- B-Virus (HV) infiziert, insbesondere in tropischen Regionen. Die Schistosomiasis (Bilharziose) ist eine Tropenerkrankung mit 200 Millionen Infizierten, sodass eine hohe Rate an Koinfektonen zu erwarten ist.
Fallbeschreibung:
Ein 34-jähriger, afrikanischer Patient wurde mit einer bekannten Hepatitis B/D-Koinfektion zur Beurteilung einer antiviralen Therapie in unsere Klinik überwiesen.
Ergebnisse:
Überraschenderweise zeigte sich neben den viral induzierten Veränderungen innerhalb der Leberbiopsie ein Granulom mit einem Schistosomen- Ei. In den hierauf veranlassten Stuhluntersuchungen konnte der Parasit als Schistosoma mansoni identifiziert werden. Vor Einleitung einer anti viralen Therapie wurde eine antischistosomale Therapie mit Praziquantel durchgeführt.
Schlussfolgerung:
Patienten, die aus tropischen Ländern stammen und an einer chronisch viralen Hepatitis leiden, können weitere Koinfektionen aufweisen, die in der täglichen klinischen Routine leicht übersehen werden. Bei Patienten aus Bilharziose-Endemiegebieten und begründetem Verdacht auf eine parasitäre Koinfektion sollte eine tropenmedizinische Abklärung erfolgen.
Abstract
Background:
Schistosomiasis and hepatitis B are both tropical diseases with more than 200 and 350 million people infected worldwide respectively, but are rare in western countries. Worldwide a high rate of coinfections can be expected.
Case Report:
A 34-year-old African patient was referred to our clinic with known hepatitis B/D-coinfection for evaluation of antiviral treatment.
Results:
Surprisingly, liver biopsy showed a granuloma with the egg of Schistosoma in addition to virus induced alterations. Subsequent examination of the stool allowed to classify the parasite as Schistosoma mansoni. Thus, before initiation of an antiviral treatment, an antischistosomal therapy with praziquantel leading to elimination of schistosomiasis was started.
Conclusion:
Patients from tropical countries suffering from chronic viral hepatitis may present with additional coinfections which can be earily overlooked in daily clinical routine. Screening of African patients from endemic areas for schistosomiasis should include examinations for tropical diseases by specialists.
Literatur
Desmet VJ, Gerber M, Hoofnagle JH, Manns M, Scheuer PJ. Classification of chronic hepatitis: diagnosis, grading and staging. Hepatology 1994;19:1513–1520.
Richter J. The impact of chemotherapy on morbidity due to schistosomiasis. Acta Trop 2003;86:161–183.
Jordan P. From Katayama to the Dakhla Oasis: the beginning of epidemiology and control of bilharzia. Acta Trop 2000;77:9–40.
Chitsulo L, Engels D, Montresor A, Savioli L. The global status of schistosomiasis and its control. Acta Trop 2000;77:41–51.
Gryseels B, Polman K, Clerinx J, Kestens L. Human schistosomiasis. Lancet 2006;368:1106–1118.
Richter J, Hatz, G, Campagne, G., Jenkins, J. Niamey Working Group Ultrasound in Schistosomiasis. A practical guide to the standardized use of ultrasonography for the assessment of schistosomiasisrelated morbidity. http://apps.who.int/tdr/publications/training-guideline-publications/ultrasound-in-schistosomiasis/pdf/ultrasound-schistosomiasis. pdf (letzter Zugriff 8.11.2010)
Cioli D. Chemotherapy of schistosomiasis: an update. Parasitol Today 1998;14:418–422.
Badawi AF, Michael MS. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in Egypt: the role of hepatitis-B viral infection and schistosomiasis. Anticancer Res 1999;19:4565–4569.
Fattovich G, Boscaro S, Noventa F, et al. Influence of hepatitis delta virus infection on progression to cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis type B. J Infect Dis 1987;155:931–935.
Kamal S, Madwar M, Bianchi L, et al. Clinical, virological and histopathological features: long-term follow-up in patients with chronic hepatitis C coinfected with S. mansoni. Liver 2000;20:281–289.
Kamal SM, El Sayed Khalifa K. Immune modulation by helminthic infections: worms and viral infections. Parasite Immunol 2006;28:483–496.
Kamal SM, Turner B, He Q, et al. Progression of fibrosis in hepatitis C with and without schistosomiasis: correlation with serum markers of fibrosis. Hepatology 2006;43:771–779.
Marcellin P, Ziol M, Bedossa P, et al. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis by stiffness measurement in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Liver Int 2009;29:242–247.
Ogawa E, Furusyo N, Toyoda K, et al. Transient elastography for patients with chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection: Non-invasive, quantitative assessment of liver fibrosis. Hepatol Res 2007;37:1002–1010.
European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2009;50:227–242.
Sorrell MF, Belongia EA, Costa J, et al. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: management of hepatitis B. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:104–110.
Pereira LM, Melo MC, Lacerda C, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection in schistosomiasis mansoni. J Med Virol 1994;42:203–206.
Kamel MA, Miller FD, el Masry AG, et al. The epidemiology of Schistosoma mansoni, hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection in Egypt. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1994;88:501–509.
Angelico M, Renganathan E, Gandin C, et al. Chronic liver disease in the Alexandria governorate, Egypt: contribution of schistosomiasis and hepatitis virus infections. J Hepatol 1997;26:236–243.
Saudy N, Sugauchi F, Tanaka Y, et al. Genotypes and phylogenetic characterization of hepatitis B and delta viruses in Egypt. J Med Virol 2003;70:529–536.
Maddrey WC. Hepatitis B: an important public health issue. J Med Virol 2000;61:362–366.
Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, et al. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. Jama 2006;295:65–73.
Erhardt A, Göbel T, Ludwig A, et al. Response to antiviral treatment in patients infected with hepatitis B virus genotypes E-H. J Med Virol 2009;81:1716–1720.
Buster EH, Hansen BE, Lau GK, et al. Factors that predict response of patients with hepatitis Be antigen- positive chronic hepatitis B to peginterferonalfa. Gastroenterology 2009;137:2002–2009.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Göbel, T., Erhardt, A., Richter, J. et al. Chronische Hepatitis B mit einer unerwarteten Koinfektion. Med Klin 105, 827–830 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-010-1141-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-010-1141-4