Skip to main content
Log in

Eine 25-jährige Patientin mit Pseudoobstruktion des Kolons, Hyponatriämie, hypertensiver Entgleisung und diffusem Schmerzsyndrom

A 25-Year-Old Patient with Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction, Hyponatremia, Hypertension, and Diffuse Pain

  • KASUISTIK
  • Published:
Medizinische Klinik Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Fallbeschreibung:

Eine 25-jährige, hypertone Patientin stellte sich mit seit 10 Tagen bestehenden und zunehmenden diffusen Schmerzen und Obstipation im Notfallzentrum vor. Sie war zuvor mehrfach ärztlich gesehen worden, ohne dass verschiedenste Analgetika sowie Metoclopramid zu einer Besserung geführt hatten. Laborchemisch fand sich eine Hyponatriämie. Ein Megakolon und eine Polyneuropathie wurden festgestellt, kurz nach Aufnahme kam es allerdings bei weiter zunehmender Hyponatriämie im Sinne eines SIADH (Syndrom der inadäquaten ADH-Sekretion) zu einem generalisierten Krampfanfall. Passend zur Klinik konnte im Urin eine massiv erhöhte Ausscheidung von Porphyrinen gemessen werden und damit, zusammen mit der deutlich erniedrigten Porphobilinogen-Desaminase-Aktivität, die Diagnose einer akuten intermittierenden Porphyrie gestellt werden.

Schlussfolgerung:

Der Fall illustriert, wie die Diagnose dieses Krankheitsbildes aufgrund seiner Seltenheit und unspezifischen Symptome leicht verschleppt wird, wobei die Gefahr besteht, durch Verordnung von auslösenden Medikamenten die Beschwerden noch zu verschlimmern.

Abstract

Case Report:

A 25-year-old hypertensive patient presented to the Emergency Department with constipation and diffuse pain which had been increasing for 10 days. She had consulted several doctors before, but neither various analgesics nor metoclopramide had been beneficial. Blood analysis showed hyponatremia. A megacolon and polyneuropathy were found. Shortly after admission, she developed generalized seizures while hyponatremia increased compatible with SIADH (syndrome of inadequate ADH secretion). Urine examination revealed a markedly elevated excretion of porphyrins. Since porphobilinogen deaminase activity was clearly decreased, diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria could be confirmed.

Conclusion:

This case shows how definite diagnosis of this illness is often delayed because of its rarity and the variety of its possible symptoms and signs. This delay leads to a high risk of aggravating the disease by prescribing porphyrinogenic drugs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  1. Anderson KE, Bloomer JR, Bonkovsky HL, et al. Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of the acute porphyries. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:439–50.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hift RJ, Meissner PN. An analysis of 112 acute porphyric attacks in Cape Town, South Africa: Evidence that acute intermittent porphyria and variegate porphyria differ in susceptibility and severity. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005;84:48–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Tishler PV, Woodward B, O'Connor J, et al. High prevalence of intermittent acute porphyria in a psychiatric patient population. Am J Psychiatry 1985;142:1430–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Hrdinka M, Puy H, Martasek P. May 2006 update in porphobilinogen deaminase gene polymorphisms and mutations causing acute intermittent porphyria: comparison with the situation in Slavic population. Physiol Res 2006;55:Suppl 2:S119–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lee JS, Anvret M. Identification of the most common mutation within the porphobilinogen deaminase gene in Swedish patients with acute intermittent porphyria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991;88:10912–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Felsher BF, Redeker AG. Acute intermittent porphyria: effect of diet and griseofulvin. Medicine (Baltimore) 1967;46:217–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. McColl KE, Wallace AM, Moore MR, et al. Alterations in haem biosynthesis during the human menstrual cycle: studies in normal subjects and patients with latent and active acute intermittent porphyria. Clin Sci (Lond) 1982;62:183–91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Maramattom BV, Zaldivar RA, Glynn SM, et al. Acute intermittent porphyria presenting as a diffuse encephalopathy. Ann Neurol 2005;57:581–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Perlroth MG, Tschudy DP, Marver HS, et al. Acute intermittent porphyria. New morphologic and biochemical findings. Am J Med 1966;41:149–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bloomer JR, Berk PD, Bonkowsky HL, et al. Blood volume and bilirubin production in acute intermittent porphyria. N Engl J Med 1971;284:17–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Andersson C, Bjersing L, Lithner F. The epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with acute intermittent porphyria. J Intern Med 1996;240:195–201.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Andant C, Puy H, Faivre J, Deybach JC. Acute hepatic porphyrias and primary liver cancer. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1853–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Church SE, McColl KE, Moore MR, Youngs GR. Hypertension and renal impairment as complications of acute porphyria. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1992;7:986–90.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jeans JB, Savik K, Gross CR, et al. Mortality in patients with acute intermittent porphyria requiring hospitalization: a United States case series. Am J Med Genet 1996;65:269–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Buttery JE, Chamberlain BR, Beng CG. A sensitive method of screening for urinary porphobilinogen. Clin Chem 1989;35:2311–2.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Deacon AC, Peters TJ. Identification of acute porphyria: evaluation of a commercial screening test for urinary porphobilinogen. Ann Clin Biochem 1998;35:726–32.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Stölzel U, Brosche C, Loszka C, et al. Safe and probably safe drugs in acute hepatic porphyria. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2009;55:147–51.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tschudy DP, Welland FH, Collins A, Hunter G Jr. The effect of carbohydrate feeding on the induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase. Metabolism 1964;13:396–406.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Mustajoki P, Nordmann Y. Early administration of heme arginate for acute porphyric attacks. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:2004–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Soonawalla ZF, Orug T, Badminton MN, et al. Liver transplantation as a cure for acute intermittent porphyria. Lancet 2004;363:705–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Paul F, Meencke HJ. Levetiracetam in focal epilepsy and hepatic porphyria: a case report. Epilepsia 2004;45:559–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Zaatreh MM. Levetiracetam in porphyric status epilepticus: a case report. Clin Neuropharmacol 2005;28:243–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Bhatia R, Vibha D, Srivastava MV, et al. Use of propofol anesthesia and adjunctive treatment with levetiracetam and gabapentin in managing status epilepticus in a patient of acute intermittent porphyria. Epilepsia 2008;49:934–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Milionis HJ, Liamis GL, Elisaf MS. The hyponatremic patient: a systematic approach to laboratory diagnosis. CMAJ 2002;166:1056–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Elder GH, Hift RJ, Meissner PN. The acute porphyries. Lancet 1997;349:1613–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Philipp Lutz.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lutz, P., Maring, D., Tschampa, H.J. et al. Eine 25-jährige Patientin mit Pseudoobstruktion des Kolons, Hyponatriämie, hypertensiver Entgleisung und diffusem Schmerzsyndrom. Med Klin 105, 267–272 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-010-1047-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-010-1047-1

Schlüsselwörter:

Key Words:

Navigation