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Status der Behandlung der arteriellen Hypertonie unter Praxisbedingungen in deutschen Arztpraxen zum Zeitpunkt der Einführung des Renininhibitors Aliskiren

Current Status of Antihypertensive Drug Treatment in Primary Care Practice at Launch of the New Renin Inhibitor Aliskiren (RASANT)

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Zusammenfassung

Ziel:

Mit dem Versorgungsforschungsprojekt „Praxis-Screening zur medikamentösen Behandlung der essentiellen Hypertonie“ wurden zum Zeitpunkt der Einführung einer neuen Klasse von Antihypertensiva – dem ersten oral ausreichend bioverfügbaren direkten Renininhibitor Aliskiren – in Deutschland der Status quo der antihypertensiven Behandlung sowie der mögliche therapeutische Stellenwert dieses neuen Therapieprinzips evaluiert.

Methodik:

Mittels Praxisfragebögen wurden niedergelassene Allgemeinmediziner und Internisten in 1 431 Arztpraxen zur Bedeutung und therapeutischen Stellung einzelner Präparategruppen zur Behandlung der arteriellen Hypertonie im 3. und 4. Quartal 2007 befragt. Zusätzlich sollten die Ärzte mögliche Vorteile des pharmakologischen Prinzips der direkten Reninhemmung darlegen und geeignete Kombinationspartner benennen. Mit Hilfe eines zweiten Fragebogens (Patientenfragebogen) wurden epidemiologische Daten (Alter, Geschlecht, Komorbiditäten) zu einzelnen Patienten erhoben, die in der jeweiligen Praxis aufgrund unzureichenden Ansprechens der bisher durchgeführten antihypertensiven Pharmakotherapie für eine Therapie mit Aliskiren vorgesehen waren.

Ergebnisse:

In einer Skala von 1 (sehr wichtig) bis 6 (unwichtig) wurden von den Ärzten Angiotensin-converting-Enzym-(ACE-)Hemmer (98,8%), Angiotensin-(AT)1-Rezeptor-Blocker (87,4%), β-Rezeptoren-Blocker (71,2%), Calciumantagonisten (58,9%), Thiaziddiuretika (56,3%) und Schleifendiuretika (32,3%) mit den Noten 1 und 2 bewertet. Von insgesamt 14 358 Patienten wurden Alter, Geschlecht, Schweregrad und Dauer der arteriellen Hypertonie, Komplikationen und Begleiterkrankungen sowie detaillierte Angaben zur vorbestehenden medikamentösen Therapie der arteriellen Hypertonie erhoben. 50,3% der Patienten waren auf ACE-Hemmer und 27,9% auf AT1-Rezeptor-Blocker eingestellt. 45,7% der Patienten wurden mit einem β-Rezeptoren-Blocker und 37,5% mit einem Calciumantagonisten behandelt. 53,2% der Patienten erhielten ein Diuretikum. Bei den Komplikationen bzw. Begleiterkrankungen zum Zeitpunkt der Datenerhebung dominierten bei den Patienten in den teilnehmenden Praxen Diabetes mellitus (43,8%), koronare Herzkrankheit (37,3%) und chronische Herzinsuffizienz (20,7%). 89,4% aller Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus erhielten entweder einen ACE-Hemmer oder einen AT1-Rezeptor-Blocker im Vergleich zu 69,6% der Patienten ohne Diabetes mellitus.

Schlussfolgerung:

Die therapeutische Rolle in der antihypertensiven Behandlung wird für Aliskiren vor allem in der Ergänzung einer vorbestehenden antihypertensiven Therapie bei Patienten mit schweren Hypertonieformen, länger bestehender Hypertonie und bei Komplikationen oder Begleiterkrankungen (z.B. Diabetes mellitus) gesehen. Der hohe Anteil von Patienten, insbesondere von Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus, die mit ACE-Hemmern oder mit AT1-Rezeptor-Blockern behandelt werden, spricht für eine hohe Leitlinienadhärenz im niedergelassenen Bereich. Kritisch ist jedoch die Einstufung von Schleifendiuretika als wichtige Antihypertensiva durch 32,3% der befragten Ärzte zu bewerten.

Abstract

Purpose:

The present drug utilization research project was conducted in order to evaluate the current status of antihypertensive drug treatment at launch of aliskiren – a drug targeting a completely new pharmacological mode of action – and to investigate the potential therapeutic value of this new therapeutic principle.

Methods:

In 1,431 primary care practices in Germany, general practitioners and internal specialists were requested to determine the therapeutic value of different antihypertensive drugs (3rd and 4th quarter of 2007). Physicians were also requested to expose potential advantages of the new therapeutic principle of direct renin inhibition. Additional epidemiologic data such as age, gender and comorbidities were collected for each antihypertensive patient considered an optimal candidate to receive aliskiren in the respective medical practice due to an unfavorable response to the current antihypertensive treatment by using a second questionnaire.

Results:

On a scale between 1 (very important) and 6 (unimportant), the therapeutic value of antihypertensive drugs was judged as follows: angiotensin-inhibiting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (98.8%), angiotensin (AT)1 receptor blockers (87.4%), β-receptor blockers (71.2%), calcium channel blockers (58.9%), thiazide diuretics (56,3%), and loop diuretics (32.3%) were judged with the mark 1 (very important) and 2 (important). From a total of 14,358 patients included in the present survey, age, gender, severity and duration of arterial hypertension, complications and comorbidities, and a detailed drug history were collected. 50.3% of the patients received an ACE inhibitor, 27.9% an AT1 receptor blocker, 45.7% a β-receptor blocker, 37.5% a calcium channel blocker, and 53.2% a diuretic. Dominating comorbidities up to the time of data collection were diabetes mellitus (43.8%), coronary heart disease (37.3%), and chronic heart failure (20.7%). 89.4% of patients with diabetes received either an ACE inhibitor or an AT1 receptor blocker compared to 69.6% of patients not suffering from diabetes.

Conclusion:

According to the evaluation of primary care physicians participating in this study, aliskiren might be useful for antihypertensive treatment in patients with severe arterial hypertension, in patients with an already long-lasting course of disease, and in the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus. The high percentage of patients in this study cohort already treated with an ACE inhibitor or an AT1 receptor blocker represents good adherence of primary care physicians to current treatment guidelines. The evaluation of loop diuretics as important antihypertensive drugs by 32.3% of attending physicians in this study requires critical discussion.

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Correspondence to Axel Müller.

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Müller, A., Schweizer, J., Kirch, W. et al. Status der Behandlung der arteriellen Hypertonie unter Praxisbedingungen in deutschen Arztpraxen zum Zeitpunkt der Einführung des Renininhibitors Aliskiren. Med Klin 105, 155–162 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-010-1025-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-010-1025-7

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