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Trends in Influenza Vaccination Coverage Rates in Germany over Six Seasons from 2001/02 to 2006/07

Entwicklung der Influenzaimpfraten in Deutschland von 2001/02 bis 2006/07

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Abstract

Background and Purpose:

Influenza is a considerable health problem all over the world. Vaccination is the most important measure for preventing influenza and reducing morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study were to assess influenza vaccination coverage from 2001 to 2007 in Germany, to understand motivations and barriers to vaccination, and to identify vaccination intentions for season 2007/08.

Methods:

In representative household surveys, 12,039 telephone interviews with individuals aged ≥ 14 years were conducted between 2001 and 2007. Essentially the same questionnaire was used in all seasons.

Results:

In season 2006/07, the overall influenza vaccination coverage rate dropped from 32.5% in the previous season to 27.4%. In the elderly (≥ 60 years), the rate decreased from 51.6% to 44.7% and the odds ratio of being vaccinated, compared to those not belonging to a high-risk group, remained < 5. Chronically ill elderly persons had an odds ratio of vaccination of 7, while younger chronically ill persons and health-care workers had odds ratios of about 2. Perceiving influenza as a serious illness was the most frequent reason for getting vaccinated. 14% of those vaccinated in 2006/07 indicated the threat of avian flu as a reason. The main reason for not getting vaccinated was thinking not to be likely to catch the flu. A recommendation by the family doctor/nurse was perceived as the major encouraging factor for vaccination. A total of 44.7% of the respondents intended to get vaccinated against influenza in 2007/08.

Conclusion:

A trend of increasing vaccination rates was observed from 2001 to 2006 in Germany, but the rates dipped by almost a sixth after 2005/06. The loss of media interest in the threat of avian influenza after February 2006 and stalling reimbursement programs may have contributed to the recent drop in vaccination rates.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Ziel:

Influenza stellt weltweit ein beachtliches Gesundheitsproblem dar. Die wirksamste Präventionsmaßnahme zur Senkung der Mortalität und Morbidität ist die Schutzimpfung. Die Ziele der gegenwärtigen Untersuchung waren, die Influenzaimpfraten in Deutschland von 2001 bis 2007 zu analysieren, eine Einsicht in Einflussfaktoren auf die Impfbereitschaft zu erhalten sowie die Impfabsicht für den folgenden Winter 2007/08 zu erfragen.

Methodik:

Zufallsgesteuerte Telefonumfragen wurden während der Jahre 2001–2007 in 12 039 Haushalten durchgeführt. Die Stichprobengröße war repräsentativ für die nicht institutionalisierte deutsche Bevölkerung im Alter von ≥ 14 Jahren. Der verwendete Fragebogen war grundsätzlich in allen Jahren identisch.

Ergebnisse:

In der Grippesaison 2006/07 sank die Impfrate von 32,5% im vorherigen Jahr auf 27,4%. Bei den älteren Personen (≥ 60 Jahre) sank die Impfrate von 51,6% auf 44,7%. Personen ≥ 60 Jahre, welche chronisch krank waren, ließen sich weit häufiger impfen als jüngere chronisch Kranke oder die im Gesundheitswesen Tätigen. Der meistgenannte Beweggrund für eine Schutzimpfung war die Beurteilung, dass Influenza eine schwerwiegende Krankheit sei. 14% der geimpften Personen gaben als Grund die Furcht vor der Vogelgrippe an. Andererseits hielten es die meisten ungeimpften Personen für unwahrscheinlich, an Influenza zu erkranken. Eine Empfehlung vom Hausarzt oder durch Pflegepersonal war die stärkste Motivation für eine Impfung. Im Hinblick auf die Grippesaison 2007/08 beabsichtigten 44,7% der Befragten, sich impfen zu lassen.

Schlussfolgerung:

Die Studie zeigt, dass sich trotz der gegenüber 2005/06 um ein Sechstel gesunkenen Impfrate im Gesamtzeitraum von 2001 bis 2007 eine steigende Tendenz der Impfteilnahme in Deutschland abzeichnet. Das nachlassende Medieninteresse an der Bedrohung durch die Vogelgrippe nach Februar 2006 sowie Verzögerungen bei Programmen für die Rückerstattung der Impfkosten haben möglicherweise dazu beigetragen, dass sich die Impfraten in Deutschland kurzfristig verringert haben.

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Correspondence to Thomas D. Szucs MD, MBA, MPH, LLM.

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Blank, P.R., Freiburghaus, A.U., Ruf, B.R. et al. Trends in Influenza Vaccination Coverage Rates in Germany over Six Seasons from 2001/02 to 2006/07. Med Klin 103, 761–768 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00063-008-1121-0

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