Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been established as a
new and reliable laboratory marker for chronic heart failure
(CHF). BNP is a neurohormone secreted by the cardiac ventricles
in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. It is
released as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and then
Korrelaenzymatically cleaved into the NT fragment and the
immunoreactive BNP. BNP promotes vasodilatation, natriuresis,
diuresis, and inhibits the renin-angiotensin- aldosterone
system. BNP values depend on sex, age, renal function, and the
assay used. BNP exhibits a high sensitivity and specificity for
the diagnosis of CHF. BNP determination improves the
differential diagnosis of acute dyspnea. Normal BNP levels are
found, if dyspnea is caused by pulmonary disease, pathologic BNP
values are typical of a cardiac disorder. In CHF, BNP levels can
be used as a reliable independent predictor of cardiac death or
deterioration of cardiac functional status at follow-up. As a
general screening test for CHF, BNP is of limited value due to a
substantial number of false positive test results, which lead to
further cardiac diagnostic testing. BNP is helpful for the
assessment of the success of CHF therapy in acute cardiac
decompensation and outpatients. An individually tailored CHF
therapy with serial determination of BNP opens up new
perspectives for a more objective and effective treatment of CHF
patients.