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Transarterial Embolization of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas with Direct Cortical Venous Drainage using Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (Onyx)

Transarterielle Embolisation intrakranieller duraler arteriovenöser Fisteln mittels direkter kortikaler Venendrainage mit Ethylenvinylalkoholkopolymer (Onyx)

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Abstract

Purpose:

This communication concerns the new possibilities and technical aspects of using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx, EVAC) for endovascular treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with direct cortical venous drainage (DAVF-CVs).

Patients and Methods:

Five patients with symptomatic DAVF-CVs were treated primarily with transarterial embolization using Onyx.

Results:

All patients had complete obliteration of their DAVFs with a single Onyx injection that resulted in passage of embolic agent to the draining vein. One asymptomatic technical adverse event occurred (a broken microcatheter on retrieval). On clinical follow-up (mean 12.6 months, range 1–27 months), two patients with intracranial hemorrhage and one patient with cerebellar symptoms improved significantly after treatment, with residual symptoms that did not affect independence. One patient had remission of tinnitus and headache but developed seizures, and one patient was asymptomatic. Imaging follow-up (mean 4 months, range 1–7 months) did not show any revascularization.

Conclusion:

Embolization with Onyx represents a significant improvement in the endovascular treatment of DAVF-CVs. Cases that would not be effectively treated with cyanoacrylate or particles can be cured by embolization alone.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel:

Dieser Bericht schildert die neuen Möglichkeiten und technischen Aspekte des Einsatzes von Ethylenvinylalkoholkopolymer (Onyx) zur endovaskulären Behandlung intrakranieller duraler arteriovenöser Fisteln mittels direkter kortikaler Venendrainage (DAVF-CVs).

Patienten und Methodik:

Fünf Patienten mit symptomatischen DAVF-CVs wurden erstmalig mittels transarterieller Embolisation mit Onyx behandelt.

Ergebnisse:

Sämtliche Patienten erfuhren eine vollständige Obliteration ihrer DAVFs mit einer einzigen Onyx-Injektion, die zur Entleerung der embolischen Substanz in die Drainagevene führte. Es trat ein einziges asymptomatisches, technisch bedingtes unerwünschtes Ereignis auf (ein bei seiner Entfernung beschädigter Mikrokatheter). Bei der klinischen Nachuntersuchung (durchschnittlich nach 12,6 Monaten; Zeitspanne 1–27 Monate) hatte sich der Zustand von zwei Patienten mit intrakranieller Blutung und einem Patienten mit zerebellären Symptomen trotz Restsymptomen nach der Behandlung beträchtlich verbessert – die Restsymptome hatten jedoch keine Auswirkung auf die Unabhängigkeit. Bei einem Patienten trat eine vorübergehende Besserung von Tinnitus und Kopfschmerzen auf, er entwickelte jedoch Krampfanfälle. Ein wei-terer Patient war asymptomatisch. Im Rahmen der Nachuntersuchung eingesetzte Bildgebungsverfahren (durchschnittlich nach 4 Monaten; Zeitspanne 1–7 Monate) zeigten keinerlei Revaskularisierungen.

Schlussfolgerung:

Die Embolisation mit Onyx stellt eine bedeutende Verbesserung der endovaskulären DAVF-CV-Behandlung dar. Fälle, die mit Cyanoacrylat oder Cyanoacrylatpartikeln nicht wirksam behandelt werden können, werden allein durch die Embolisation geheilt.

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Correspondence to Sandro Rossitti MD, PhD.

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Rossitti, S. Transarterial Embolization of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas with Direct Cortical Venous Drainage using Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer (Onyx). Clin Neuroradiol 19, 122–128 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-009-8031-2

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