Zusammenfassung
Die 2013 veröffentlichten ESC-Leitlinien zur stabilen koronaren Herzkrankheiten (KHK) geben praktische Hinweise zur Diagnostik und Therapie. Das Vorgehen richtet sich nach der Klinik bzw. den Symptomen des Patienten, dem Schweregrad und dem Ausmass der Ischämie, dem Ausmass und der Verteilung der Koronarveränderungen, nach zusätzlichen kardialen Befunden und schließlich auch nach nichtkardialen Komorbiditäten. Die Auswahl geeigneter diagnostischer Verfahren basiert auf der Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit für das Vorliegen einer KHK, die eine ganz wesentliche und zentrale Rolle im diagnostischen Algorithmus einnimmt. Nur bei Patienten mit schwerer Angina (≥CCS 3) oder mit hohem Risiko für Tod oder Myokardinfarkt nach der klinischen Evaluation oder dem Ergebnis des eingesetzten Ischämietests wird zu einem invasiven Vorgehen geraten. Therapeutisch werden detaillierte Empfehlungen zur medikamentösen und zur interventionellen/chirurgischen Therapie gegeben. Bei der medikamentösen Therapie werden Substanzen zur symptomatischen Therapie, aber auch zur Prävention aufgeführt. Es wird auch ausführlich Stellung zu neuen Antianginosa genommen. Vor Intervention ist ein regionaler Ischämienachweis, z. B. mit FFR, angezeigt. Die Indikation zur perkutanen koronaren Intervention (PCI) wird insbesondere für Patienten mit niedrigem SYNTAX-Score und Mehrgefäßerkrankung oder Hauptstammstenose erweitert. Dennoch muss die optimale Strategie im Einzelfall im Heart Team festgelegt werden.
Abstract
The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease published in 2013 give practical recommendations for diagnostics and therapy. The approach depends on the clinical picture and symptoms of the patient, the severity and extent of ischemia, the degree and location of coronary stenoses, additional cardiac findings and finally on non-cardiac comorbidities. The selection of suitable diagnostic tools is based on the tabulated pretest probability for the presence of coronary artery disease which plays an important and central role in the diagnostic algorithm. An invasive approach is recommended only in patients with severe angina, i.e. a Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina grading scale of ≥ CCS3 or in patients who are at high risk for death or myocardial infarction based on the results of the test used for detection of ischemia. Detailed therapeutic recommendations are given for medicinal and interventional or surgical therapy. Medicinal therapy includes drugs both for relief of symptoms and prevention of cardiovascular events. Recommendations are also given for the use of new antianginal drugs. A PCI is only indicated in vessels causing ischemia which can be verified by using fractional flow reserve measurements. The indications for PCI now also include patients with a low SYNTAX score and multivessel disease or left main stenosis; however, the optimal strategy should be individually determined in heart team discussions.
Literatur
Montalescot G, Sechtem U, Achenbach S et al (2013) 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 34:2949–3003
Hamm CW, Bassand JP, Agewall S et al (2011) ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: the Task Force for the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 32:2999–3054
McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD et al (2012) ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 33:1787–1847
Emond M, Mock MB, Davis KB et al (1994) Long-term survival of medically treated patients in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) Registry. Circulation 90:2645–2657
Fox K, Garcia MA, Ardissino D et al (2006) Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: executive summary: the Task Force on the management of stable angina pectoris of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 27:1341–1381
Genders TS, Steyerberg EW, Alkadhi H et al (2011) A clinical prediction rule for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease: validation, updating, and extension. Eur Heart J 32:1316–1330
Patel MR, Peterson ED, Dai D et al (2010) Low diagnostic yield of elective coronary angiography. N Engl J Med 362:886–895
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2010) Chest pain of recent onset (NICE clinical guideline 95). http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg95/resources/guidance-chest-pain-of-recent-onset-pdf
Wolk MJ, Bailey SR, Doherty JU et al (2014) ACCF/AHA/ASE/ASNC/HFSA/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR/STS 2013 multimodality appropriate use criteria for the detection and risk assessment of stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Appropriate Use Criteria Task Force, American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Rhythm Society, Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 63:380–406
Meijboom WB, Mieghem CA van, Mollet NR et al (2007) 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with high, intermediate, or low pretest probability of significant coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 50:1469–1475
Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J et al (2012) 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 60:e44–e164
Deutsche Herzstiftung e. V. (Hrsg) (2013) 25. Deutscher Herzbericht 2013. Deutsche Herzstiftung e. V., Frankfurt, S 66–69
Lanza GA, Crea F (2010) Primary coronary microvascular dysfunction: clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management. Circulation 121:2317–2325
Camici PG, Crea F (2007) Coronary microvascular dysfunction. N Engl J Med 356:830–840
Shaw LJ, Bugiardini R, Merz CN (2009) Women and ischemic heart disease: evolving knowledge. J Am Coll Cardiol 54:1561–1575
Yilmaz A, Hill S, Schäufele T et al (2010) Exercise-induced spastic coronary artery occlusion at the site of a moderate stenosis: neither Prinzmetal’s angina nor cardiac syndrome X but „Prinzmetal X“. Circulation 122:e570–e574
Prinzmetal M, Kennamer R, Merliss R et al (1959) Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris; preliminary report. Am J Med 27:375–388
Perk J, De Backer G, Gohlke H et al (2012) European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012): the Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts) *Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation (EACPR). Eur Heart J 33:1635–1701
Athanasiadis A, Sechtem U (2014) Medical therapy of coronary artery disease. MMW Fortschr Med 156:31–34
European Medicines Agency (2014) Review of Corlentor/Procoralan started. Press release, 08/05/2014. http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/news_and_events/news/2014/05/news_detail_002099.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058004d5c1
Kosiborod M, Arnold SV, Spertus JA, McGuire DK (2013) Evaluation of ranolazine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic stable angina: results from the TERISA randomized clinical trial (Type 2 Diabetes Evaluation of Ranolazine in Subjects With Chronic Stable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol 61:2038–2045
Wijns W, Kolh P, Danchin N et al (2010) Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. Eur Heart J 31:2501–2555
TIME Investigators (2001) Trial of invasive versus medical therapy in elderly patients with chronic symptomatic coronary-artery disease (TIME): a randomised trial. Lancet 358:951–957
Hueb W, Lopes NH, Gersh BJ et al (2007) Five-year follow-up of the Medicine, Angioplasty, or Surgery Study (MASS II): a randomized controlled clinical trial of 3 therapeutic strategies for multivessel coronary artery disease. Circulation 115:1082–1089
Erne P, Schoenenberger AW, Burckhardt D et al (2007) Effects of percutaneous coronary interventions in silent ischemia after myocardial infarction: the SWISSI II randomized controlled trial. JAMA 297:1985–1991
Boden WE, O’Rourke RA, Teo KK et al (2007) Optimal medical therapy with or without PCI for stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 356:1503–1516
Frye RL, August P, Brooks M et al (2009) A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 360:2503–2515
Nishigaki K, Yamazaki T, Kitabatake A et al (2008) Percutaneous coronary intervention plus medical therapy reduces the incidence of acute coronary syndrome more effectively than initial medical therapy only among patients with low-risk coronary artery disease: a randomized, comparative, multicenter study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 1:469–479
Bruyne B de, Pijls NH, Kalesan B et al (2012) Fractional flow reserve-guided PCI versus medical therapy in stable coronary disease. N Engl J Med 367:991–1001
Serruys PW, Onuma Y, Garg S et al (2009) Assessment of the SYNTAX score in the Syntax study. EuroIntervention 5:50–56
Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien
Interessenkonflikt. A. Athanasiadis und U. Sechtem geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Athanasiadis, A., Sechtem, U. Diagnostik und Therapie der chronisch stabilen koronaren Herzkrankheit. Herz 39, 902–912 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-014-4159-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-014-4159-1