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Diagnostik und Therapie der chronisch stabilen koronaren Herzkrankheit

Neue Empfehlungen der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie

Diagnostics and therapy of chronic stable coronary artery disease

New guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology

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Zusammenfassung

Die 2013 veröffentlichten ESC-Leitlinien zur stabilen koronaren Herzkrankheiten (KHK) geben praktische Hinweise zur Diagnostik und Therapie. Das Vorgehen richtet sich nach der Klinik bzw. den Symptomen des Patienten, dem Schweregrad und dem Ausmass der Ischämie, dem Ausmass und der Verteilung der Koronarveränderungen, nach zusätzlichen kardialen Befunden und schließlich auch nach nichtkardialen Komorbiditäten. Die Auswahl geeigneter diagnostischer Verfahren basiert auf der Vortestwahrscheinlichkeit für das Vorliegen einer KHK, die eine ganz wesentliche und zentrale Rolle im diagnostischen Algorithmus einnimmt. Nur bei Patienten mit schwerer Angina (≥CCS 3) oder mit hohem Risiko für Tod oder Myokardinfarkt nach der klinischen Evaluation oder dem Ergebnis des eingesetzten Ischämietests wird zu einem invasiven Vorgehen geraten. Therapeutisch werden detaillierte Empfehlungen zur medikamentösen und zur interventionellen/chirurgischen Therapie gegeben. Bei der medikamentösen Therapie werden Substanzen zur symptomatischen Therapie, aber auch zur Prävention aufgeführt. Es wird auch ausführlich Stellung zu neuen Antianginosa genommen. Vor Intervention ist ein regionaler Ischämienachweis, z. B. mit FFR, angezeigt. Die Indikation zur perkutanen koronaren Intervention (PCI) wird insbesondere für Patienten mit niedrigem SYNTAX-Score und Mehrgefäßerkrankung oder Hauptstammstenose erweitert. Dennoch muss die optimale Strategie im Einzelfall im Heart Team festgelegt werden.

Abstract

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease published in 2013 give practical recommendations for diagnostics and therapy. The approach depends on the clinical picture and symptoms of the patient, the severity and extent of ischemia, the degree and location of coronary stenoses, additional cardiac findings and finally on non-cardiac comorbidities. The selection of suitable diagnostic tools is based on the tabulated pretest probability for the presence of coronary artery disease which plays an important and central role in the diagnostic algorithm. An invasive approach is recommended only in patients with severe angina, i.e. a Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina grading scale of ≥ CCS3 or in patients who are at high risk for death or myocardial infarction based on the results of the test used for detection of ischemia. Detailed therapeutic recommendations are given for medicinal and interventional or surgical therapy. Medicinal therapy includes drugs both for relief of symptoms and prevention of cardiovascular events. Recommendations are also given for the use of new antianginal drugs. A PCI is only indicated in vessels causing ischemia which can be verified by using fractional flow reserve measurements. The indications for PCI now also include patients with a low SYNTAX score and multivessel disease or left main stenosis; however, the optimal strategy should be individually determined in heart team discussions.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. A. Athanasiadis und U. Sechtem geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Athanasiadis, A., Sechtem, U. Diagnostik und Therapie der chronisch stabilen koronaren Herzkrankheit. Herz 39, 902–912 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-014-4159-1

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