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Differenzialtherapie der koronaren Herzkrankheit

Differential therapy in coronary heart disease

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Zusammenfassung

Die heute vorhandenen Therapieoptionen der koronaren Herzkrankheit (KHK) erfordern ein differenziertes, auf den einzelnen Patienten zugeschnittenes, therapeutisches Vorgehen. Grundlage der KHK-Therapie sind Lifestyle-Modifikationen, die je nach individuellem Risikoprofil des Patienten gezielte Schwerpunkte setzen. Die pharmakologische Therapie der KHK hat das Ziel, präventiv Sekundärereignisse zu verhindern (Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer, Statine) und abhängig vom Ausmaß der Beschwerden antianginös wirksam zu sein (kurzwirksame Nitrate, Betablocker, Kalziumantagonisten, ggf. Ivabradin, Ranolazin). Während bei akuten Koronarsyndromen eine umgehende Koronarrevaskularisation erforderlich ist, ist die Entscheidung zur Revaskularisation bei stabiler KHK von der Symptomatik, einer Ischämie-/Vitalitätsdiagnostik sowie ergänzenden invasiven Verfahren (fraktionelle Flussreserve, intravaskulärer Ultraschall) abhängig. Die Differenzialindikation perkutane Koronarintervention (PCI) versus aortokoronare Bypass-Operation orientiert sich insbesondere an Koronarstatus (SYNTAX-Score), Allgemeinzustand und Willen des Patienten. Die internationalen Leitlinien betonen dabei die Rolle einer interdisziplinären Therapieentscheidung im „Heart Team“. Insgesamt stellt die Differenzialtherapie der KHK heute ein herausforderndes Gebiet der Patientenversorgung dar, auf dem zukünftig noch viele weitere Entwicklungen zu erwarten sind.

Abstract

The various contemporary therapeutic options for coronary artery disease (CAD) require differentiated, individualized treatment strategies. The foundations of CAD therapy are lifestyle modifications targeted on the individual risk profile of the patients. Pharmacological therapy of CAD should prevent secondary coronary events (e.g. platelet aggregation inhibitors and statins) and reduce angina in symptomatic patients (e.g. short-acting nitrates, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and if necessary ivabradine and ranolazine). Revascularization therapy has to be performed promptly in patients with acute coronary syndromes; however, in patients with stable CAD the decision to perform revascularization therapy has to consider symptoms, detection of ischemia and if appropriate intracoronary assessment of hemodynamic relevance of an intermediate stenosis (fractional flow reserve). The differential indications of percutaneous coronary intervention compared to coronary artery bypass grafting depend on the severity of coronary artery disease and the morphology (SYNTAX score), comorbidities and the will of the individual patient. The international guidelines emphasize the value of an interdisciplinary treatment decision in a “heart team”. In summary, differential therapy of CAD has become challenging in the current clinical practice; future developments will probably further improve individualized strategies to treat patients with CAD.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. H. Wienbergen und R. Hambrecht geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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  1. Bremer Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufforschung, Klinikum Links der Weser, Herzzentrum Bremen, Senator-Weßling-Str. 1, 28277, Bremen, Deutschland

    H. Wienbergen & R. Hambrecht

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  1. H. Wienbergen
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  2. R. Hambrecht
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Correspondence to H. Wienbergen.

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Wienbergen, H., Hambrecht, R. Differenzialtherapie der koronaren Herzkrankheit. Herz 39, 178–185 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-013-4049-y

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