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Partial absence of superior vena cava in an adult patient

Case report and literature review

Partielles Fehlen der V. cava superior bei einer erwachsenen Patientin: Fallbericht und Literaturübersicht

Fallbericht und Literaturübersicht

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Abstract

Absence of the superior vena cava (SVC) is a rare variety of vascular anomaly. The purpose of this report is to describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of the partial absence of the SVC without persistent left SVC in a patient with no evidence of congenital cardiovascular disease and no prior history of central venous instrumentation. A 77-year-old woman with a history of colon cancer underwent thoracoabdominal CT imaging because of abdominal pain of uncertain cause. No tumor recurrence was observed. A complicated“investigation” confirmed a thymoid cancer surgery back in 1976, which was accompanied by resection of the SVC and the left brachiocephalic vein because of their invasion. Owing to the absence of the SVC and bilateral brachiocephalic veins, caval hypertension developed in the patient, resulting in the dilation of cavo-caval anastomoses. In addition, new anastomoses were opened. The clinical significance and possible embryogenesis of this anomaly are discussed. The extremely rare condition of the partial absence of the SVC appeared with subcutaneous dilated, tortuous collaterals in an asymptomatic adult patient. This anomaly is becoming clinically more relevant with the increasing use of minimally invasive vascular surgery.

Zusammenfassung

Das Fehlen der V. cava superior (VCS) ist eine seltene Variation der Gefäßanomalien, die mit zunehmender Anwendung minimal-invasiver interventioneller radiologischer und chirurgischer Verfahren an den Gefäßen eine wichtige klinische Rolle spielt. Zweck dieses Beitrags ist es, die Befunde der Computertomographie (CT) bei teilweise fehlender VCS ohne persistierende linke VCS bei einer Patientin ohne Hinweis auf angeborene kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und ohne Vorgeschichte einer zentralvenösen Instrumentierung zu beschreiben. Bei einer 77-jährigen Frau mit Kolonkarzinom in der Anamnese erfolgte eine thorakoabdominale CT aufgrund unklarer Unterleibsschmerzen. Diese traten nicht wieder auf. Eine komplizierte „Nachforschung“ erbrachte den Nachweis einer Operation wegen eines Thymuskarzinoms 1976 mit Resektion der SVC und der linken V. brachiocephalica aufgrund von Tumorinvasion. Wegen des Fehlens der VCS und der V. brachiocephalica beidseits entwickelte sich eine kavale Hypertonie, die in der Ausdehnung kavokavaler Anastomosen resultierte. Außerdem öffneten sich neue Anastomosen. Klinische Bedeutung und mögliche Embryogenese dieser Anomalie werden besprochen. Das äußerst seltene teilweise Fehlen der VCS scheint mit subkutan ausgedehnten, gewundenen Kollateralen bei einem asymptomatischen erwachsenen Patienten einherzugehen. Diese Anomalie wird klinisch relevanter mit der zunehmenden Anwendung minimal-invasiver chirurgischer Verfahren an den Gefäßen.

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Acknowledgments

The timely help of Péter Kovács in finding the 1976 hospital record is greatly acknowledged.

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On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Correspondence to K. Karlinger MD, PhD.

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Tarnoki, D., Tarnoki, A., Nemeth, K. et al. Partial absence of superior vena cava in an adult patient. Herz 38, 785–789 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-012-3747-1

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