Skip to main content
Log in

Trainingstherapie bei kardiologischen Patienten (Sportkardiologie)

Physical exercise training for cardiovascular diseases

  • Schwerpunkt
  • Published:
Herz Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Körperliches Training hat sich in den letzten Jahren zu einer evidenzbasierten Therapieoption bei kardiologischen Erkrankungen, insbesondere bei koronarer Herzkrankheit (KHK) und chronischer Herzinsuffizienz, entwickelt. Bei der KHK wurde durch regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität eine partielle Korrektur der Endotheldysfunktion und eine Ökonomisierung der mechanischen Herzarbeit nachgewiesen. In Metaanalysen konnten durch körperliches Training eine Verminderung der Angina-Pectoris-Symptomatik und eine Reduktion der Gesamt- wie auch der kardiovaskulären Mortalität gezeigt werden. Körperliches Training bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz führt über eine Korrektur der peripheren Endotheldysfunktion zu einer Nachlastsenkung, die sich wiederum günstig auf die linksventrikuläre Funktion auswirkt. Ferner konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass körperliches Training die neurohumorale Aktivierung und Stimulation des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems bei Herzinsuffizienz vermindert und positive Effekte auf den Skelettmuskelmetabolismus und die Skelettmuskelfunktion (inflammationsbedingte Schädigungen, oxidativer Stress) hat. Eine ärztlich überwachte Trainingstherapie bei chronischer Herzinsuffizienz ist sicher und führt in klinischen Studien zu einer Morbiditätsverbesserung. Aerobes körperliches Training ist somit eine wichtige Komponente der Therapie der stabilen KHK und der chronischen Herzinsuffizienz, für die in den Leitlinien eine Klasse-Ia-Empfehlung ausgesprochen wird.

Abstract

Clinical application of physical exercise has developed into an evidence-based therapeutic option for cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary artery disease (CAD) and chronic heart failure (CHF). In CAD regular physical exercise training partially corrects endothelial dysfunction and leads to an economization of left ventricular function. Meta-analyses have shown a reduction of angina pectoris symptoms and a decrease of total and cardiovascular mortality by regular aerobic exercise training. Endurance training for CHF reduces cardiac afterload by correcting peripheral endothelial dysfunction und leads to a better left ventricular function. In addition exercise training reduces the adrenergic tone and the stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in CHF. Exercise training provides positive effects on the metabolism and function of skeletal muscle (e.g. reduced inflammation and oxidative stress). Supervised regular physical exercise training in CHF is safe and has improved the morbidity in clinical studies. Thus aerobic exercise training is an important component of therapeutic management of stable CAD and CHF with a class 1a recommendation in the current guidelines.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4
Abb. 5

Literatur

  1. Hambrecht R, Wolf A, Gielen S et al (2000) Effect of exercise on coronary endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 342:454–460

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV (1980) The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 288:373–376

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gielen S, Schuler G, Adams V (2010) Cardiovascular effects of exercise training: molecular mechanisms. Circulation 122:1221–1238

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Adams V, Linke A, Kränkel N et al (2005) Impact of regular physical activity on the NAD(P)H oxidase and angiotensin receptor system in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 111:555–562

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Laufs U, Wassmann S, Czech T et al (2005) Physical inactivity increases oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 25:809–814

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Schulz O, Gielen S et al (2009) Leitlinie körperliche Aktivität zur Sekundärprävention und Therapie kardiovaskulärer Erkrankungen. Clin Res Cardiol Suppl 4:1–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hambrecht R, Gielen S, Linke A et al (2000) Effects of exercise training on left ventricular function and peripheral resistance in patients with chronic heart failure: a randomized trial. JAMA 283:3095–3101

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Murphy MH, Nevill AM, Murtagh EM, Holder RL (2007) The effect of walking on fitness, fatness and resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomised, controlled trials. Prev Med 44:377–385

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hambrecht R, Walther C, Mobius-Winkler S et al (2004) Percutaneus coronary angioplasty compared with exercise training in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a randomised trial. Circulation 109:1371–1378

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ornish D, Scherwitz LW, Billings JH et al (1998) Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease. JAMA 280:2001–2007

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Haskell WL, Alderman EL, Fair JM et al (1994) Effects of intensive multiple risk factor reduction on coronary atherosclerosis and clinical cardiac events in men and women with coronary artery disease. The Stanford Coronary Risk Intervention Project (SCRIP). Circulation 89:975–990

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Niebauer J, Hambrecht R, Velich T et al (1997) Attenuated progression of coronary artery disease after 6 years of multifactorial risk intervention: role of physical exercise. Circulation 96:2534–2541

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Belardinelli R, Georgiou D, Cianci G, Purcaro A (1999) Randomized, controlled trial of long-term moderate exercise training in chronic heart failure: effects on functional capacity, quality of life, and clinical outcome. Circulation 99:1173–1182

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. White FC, Carroll SM, Magnet A, Bloor CM (1992) Coronary collateral development in swine after coronary artery occlusion. Circ Res 71:1490–1500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Crosby JR, Kaminski WE, Schatterman G et al (2000) Endothelial cells of hematopoietic origin make a significant contribution to adult blood vessel formation. Circ Res 87:728–730

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sandri M, Adams V, Gielen S et al (2005) Effects of exercise and ischemia on mobilization and functional activation of blood-derived progenitor cells in patients with ischemic syndromes: results of three randomized studies. Circulation 111:3391–3399

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Steiner S, Niessner A, Ziegler S et al (2005) Endurance training increases the number of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with cardiovascular risk and coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 181:305–310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Belardinelli R, Paolini I, Cianci G et al (2001) Exercise training intervention after coronary angioplasty: the ETICA trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:1891–1900

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Jolliffe JA, Rees K, Taylor RS et al (2001) Exercise-based rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD001800

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Heran BS, Chen JM, Ebrahim S et al (2011) Exercise-based rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 7:CD001800

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Balady GJ, Williams MA, Ades PA et al (2007) Core components of cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention programs: 2007 update. Circulation 115:2675–2682

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Piepoli MF, Corrà U, Benzer W et al (2010) Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: physical activity counselling and exercise training. Eur Heart J 31:1967–1976

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sullivan MJ, Higginbotham MB, Cobb FR (1988) Exercise training in patients with severe left ventricular function. Hemodynamic and metabolic effects. Circulation 78:506–515

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Coats AJS, Adamopoulos S, Radaelli A et al (1992) Controlled trial of physical training in chronic heart failure: exercise performance, hemodynamics, ventilation, and autonomic function. Circulation 85:2119–2131

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Braith R, Welsch M, Feigenbaum M et al (1999) Neuroendocrine activation in heart failure is modified by endurance training. J Am Coll Cardiol 34:1170–1175

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Gielen S, Adams V, Möbius-Winkler S et al (2003) Anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training in the skeletal muscle of patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 42(5):861–868

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Linke A, Adams V, Schulze PC et al (2005) Antioxidative effects of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: increase in radical scavenger enzyme activity in skeletal muscle. Circulation 111:1763–1770

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Piepoli MF, Davos C, Francis DP, Coats AJ (2004) Exercise training meta-analysis of trials in patients with chronic heart failure (ExTraMATCH). BMJ 328:189

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. O’Connor CM, Whellan DJ, Lee KL et al (2009) Efficacy and safety of exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: HF-ACTION randomized controlled trial. JAMA 301:1439–1450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Erbs S, Höllriegel R, Linke A et al (2010) Exercise training in patients with advanced chronic heart failure (NYHA IIIb) promotes restoration of peripheral vasomotor function, induction of endogenous regeneration, and improvement of left ventricular function. Circ Heart Fail 3(4):486–494

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Edelmann F, Gelbrich G, Düngen HD et al (2011) Exercise training improves exercise capacity and diastolic function in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: results of the Ex-DHF (Exercise training in Diastolic Heart Failure) pilot study. J Am Coll Cardiol 58:1780–1791

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Sandri M, Kozarez I, Adams V et al (2012) Age-related effects of exercise training on diastolic function in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the Leipzig Exercise Intervention in Chronic Heart Failure and Age (LEICA) Diastolic Dysfunction Study. Eur Heart J [Epub ahead of print]

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt für sich und seinen Koautoren an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. Wienbergen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wienbergen, H., Hambrecht, R. Trainingstherapie bei kardiologischen Patienten (Sportkardiologie). Herz 37, 486–492 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-012-3624-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-012-3624-y

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Navigation