Skip to main content
Log in

Bypasschirurgie versus perkutane koronare Intervention bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus

Bypass Surgery Versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

  • Published:
Herz Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Generell kann man heute bei Diabetikern mit einer koronaren Mehrgefäßerkrankung keine starre Therapieempfehlung für oder gegen eine chirurgische Revaskularisation bzw. für oder gegen eine perkutane koronare Intervention (PCI) geben. Besteht aufgrund von klinischer Symptomatik und/oder bei eindeutigem Ischämienachweis eine evidenzbasierte Indikation für eine koronare Revaskularisation, ergeben sich die beiden Therapiealternativen einer Bypassoperation oder einer PCI. Die Entscheidung, welche Methode der Revaskularisation favorisiert werden sollte, muss nach einer eingehenden Analyse des individuellen Risikoprofils, der individuellen Komorbidität und der individuellen Koronarmorphologie getroffen werden. Bei richtiger Indikationsstellung sind beide Therapieverfahren in Bezug auf den prognostisch entscheidenden kombinierten Endpunkt (Tod, Schlaganfall, Myokardinfarkt) gleichwertig. Für die PCI ergibt sich jedoch in Abhängigkeit von der Komplexität der Stenosemorphologie eine erhöhte Restenosewahrscheinlichkeit, die signifikant häufiger eine erneute Intervention oder Revaskularisation erfordert. Vor der Entscheidung für oder gegen eine chirurgische oder nichtchirurgische Revaskularisation sollte die Komplexität der stenosierenden koronaren Herzkrankheit, z.B. unter Verwendung des SYNTAX-Scores, evaluiert werden. Bei Patienten mit einem SYNTAX-Score ≥ 33 sollte, wenn sich keine Kontraindikationen für eine Bypassoperation ergeben, eine chirurgische Revaskularisation favorisiert werden. In der mittleren Gruppe mit einem SYNTAX-Score zwischen 23 und 32 sollten die Vor- und Nachteile einer nichtchirurgischen oder chirurgischen Revaskularisation, wie eine erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Restenose mit der Notwendigkeit erneuter Revaskularisationen bei der PCI, ausführlich mit dem Patienten besprochen werden. Bei Patienten mit einem SYNTAXScore zwischen 0 und 22 kann aber nach unserem heutigen Kenntnisstand eine nichtchirurgische, interventionelle Therapie unter Verwendung von medikamentenbeschichteten Stents (Drug-eluting Stents [DES]) als gleichwertige Alternative zur Bypassoperation empfohlen werden. In Metaanalysen von randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien und Metaanalysen von Registern konnten für Diabetiker übereinstimmend klare Vorteile einer PCI mit DES im Vergleich zu unbeschichteten Stents (Bare-Metal-Stents [BMS]) nachgewiesen werden. Es gibt aber speziell bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus noch keine übereinstimmende Evidenz zugunsten oder zuungunsten eines bestimmten DESTyps bzw. zugunsten oder zuungunsten einer bestimmten medikamentösen Beschichtung. Weitere ausreichend gepowerte randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien mit harten klinischen Endpunkten zum Vergleich Bypassoperation versus PCI (z.B. FREEDOM-Trial) und zum Vergleich verschiedener Typen von DES bei Diabetikern mit gesicherter PCI-Indikation müssen abgewartet werden, bevor weitergehende Therapieempfehlungen ausgesprochen werden können.

Abstract

At present, in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary multivessel disease no fixed general recommendation can be given in favor or to the disadvantage of surgical revascularization or in favor or to the disadvantage of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In cases with an evidence-based indication for coronary revascularization because of clinical symptoms and/or proven ischemia, both therapeutic alternatives of bypass surgery or PCI are electable. The decision, which method of revascularization to prefer, must be based on close analyses of individual risk profile, individual comorbidity, and individual coronary morphology. With correct indication, both therapeutic methods are equivalent regarding the prognostically important combined endpoint of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke. For PCI, however, there is a higher probability of restenosis depending on the complexity of lesion morphology, requiring more often repeat interventions or revascularizations. Before deciding in subfavor of or against a surgical or nonsurgical revascularization procedure, the complexity of the coronary artery disease should be analyzed, for example using the SYNTAX Score. In patients with SYNTAX Scores ≥ 33 and no contraindications to bypass surgery, a surgical revascularization should be preferred. In the intermediate group with SYNTAX Scores between 23 und 32, the advantages and disadvantages of bypass surgery or PCI, for instance, the increased probability of restenosis with a higher necessity of repeat revascularizations after PCI, should be extensively discussed with the patient. In patients with SYNTAX Scores between 0 and 22, the nonsurgical, interventional therapy using drug-eluting stents (DES) can be recommended as an equivalent alternative to bypass surgery. In meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses of large registries with PCI in patients with diabetes mellitus, clear advantages of DES in comparison with bare-metal stents (BMS) could be shown. Especially for patients with diabetes mellitus, there is still no clear evidence in favor of or against a special DES type or in favor of or against a special stent covering. Further sufficiently powered randomized controlled trials with hard clinical endpoints comparing bypass surgery with PCI (e.g., FREEDOM trial) and comparing different types of DES in patients with diabetes mellitus and clear PCI indications must be awaited, before further recommendations can be given.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Literatur

  1. Serruys PW, Morice MC, Kappetein AP, et al., SYNTAX Investigators. Percutaneous coronary intervention versus coronary-artery bypass grafting for severe coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2009;360:961–72.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Frye RL, August P, Brooks MM, et al., BARI 2D Study Group. A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2009;360:2503–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Pfisterer ME, Zellweger MJ, Garratt KN, et al., BARI 2D Study Group. Therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1407–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Chaitman BR, Hardison RM, Adler D, et al., BARI 2D Study Group. The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes randomized trial of different treatment strategies in type 2 diabetes mellitus with stable ischemic heart disease: impact of treatment strategy on cardiac mortality and myocardial infarction. Circulation 2009;120:2529–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Tarantini G, Ramondo A, Napodano M, et al. PCI versus CABG for multivessel coronary disease in diabetics. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2009;73:50–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Silber S, Herdeg C. Drug-eluting stents for diabetic patients. A critical appraisal of the currently available data from randomized trials. Herz 2008;33:196–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Lauruschkat AH, Ennker J. Diabetes mellitus in coronary bypass surgery: risks and chances. Treatment concepts for a particularly challenging group of patients. Herz 2008;33:212–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Reiss N, Kleikamp G, Tenderich G, et al. Diabetes mellitus and heart failure — incidence and surgical therapy options. Herz 2008;33:206–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Morice MC, Serruys PW, Sousa JE, et al., RAVEL Study Group. A randomized comparison of a sirolimus-eluting stent with a standard stent for coronary revascularization. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1773–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Pfisterer M, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Buser PT, et al., BASKET-LATE Investigators. Late clinical events after clopidogrel discontinuation may limit the benefit of drug-eluting stents: an observational study of drug-eluting versus bare-metal stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:2584–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kaiser C, Pfisterer M. Increased rate of stent thrombosis with DES. Herz 2007;32:296–300.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Stone GW, Moses JW, Ellis SG, et al. Safety and efficacy of sirolimus-and paclitaxel-eluting coronary stents. N Engl J Med 2007;356:998–1008.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Stettler C, Wandel S, Allemann S, et al. Outcomes associated with drug-eluting and bare-metal stents: a collaborative network meta-analysis. Lancet 2007;370:937–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Stettler C, Allemann S, Egger M, et al. Efficacy of drug eluting stents in patients with and without diabetes mellitus: indirect comparison of controlled trials. Heart 2006;92:650–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Bruckenberger E. 21. Herzbericht 2008 mit Transplantationschirurgie. Sektorenöbergreifende Versorgungsanalyse zur Kardiologie und Herzchirurgie in Deutschland sowie vergleichende Daten aus Österreich und der Schweiz. Hannover: Selbstverlag, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lauruschkat AH, Arnrich B, Albert AA, et al. Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for pulmonary complications after coronary bypass surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;135:1047–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Lauruschkat AH, Albert A, Arnrich B, et al. Experiences collected in more than 2,300 diabetics undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: patients with a specific risk profile. Clin Res Cardiol 2006;95:Suppl 1:i7–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Lauruschkat AH, Arnrich B, Albert AA, et al. Prevalence and risks of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Circulation 2005;112:2397–402.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lauruschkat AH, Ennker J. Diabetes mellitus in coronary artery surgery: therapeutic strategies in the light of recent studies. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004;52:349–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kleikamp G, Maleszka A, Reiss N, et al. The impact of diabetes mellitus on the results of coronary artery bypass grafting with respect to left ventricular function. Herz 2004;29:556–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hausmann H, Hetzer R. Surgical revascularization in patients with diabetes mellitus. Herz 2004;29:551–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Marcheix B, Vanden Eynden F, Demers P, et al. Influence of diabetes mellitus on long-term survival in systematic off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:1181–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Mehta RH, Honeycutt E, Shaw LK, et al. Clinical characteristics associated with poor long-term survival among patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing saphenous vein graft interventions. Am Heart J 2008;156:728–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. West NE, Ruygrok PN, Disco CM, et al. Clinical and angiographic predictors of restenosis after stent deployment in diabetic patients. Circulation 2004;109:867–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Van Belle E, Abolmaali K, Bauters C, et al. Restenosis, late vessel occlusion and left ventricular function six months after balloon angioplasty in diabetic patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;34:476–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Rydén L, Standl E, Bartnik M, et al., Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: executive summary. Eur Heart J 2007;28:88–136.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Rydén L, Standl E, Bartnik M, et al., Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases: full text. Eur Heart J 2007;9:Suppl C:C1–74.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Motz W, Dörr R. ESC/EASD joint guidelines on diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Herz 2009;34:21–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Bartnik M, Rydén L, Ferrari R, et al., Euro Heart Survey Investigators. The prevalence of abnormal glucose regulation in patients with coronary artery disease across Europe. The Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1880–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Bartnik M, Malmberg K, Norhammar A, et al. Newly detected abnormal glucose tolerance: an important predictor of long-term outcome after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2004;25:1990–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Lenzen M, Ryden L, Ohrvik J, et al., Euro Heart Survey Investigators. Diabetes known or newly detected, but not impaired glucose regulation, has a negative influence on 1-year outcome in patients with coronary artery disease: a report from the Euro Heart Survey on diabetes and the heart. Eur Heart J 2006;27:2969–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Zellweger MJ. Prognostic significance of silent coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes. Herz 2006;31:240–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Anand DV, Lim E, Lahiri A, et al. The role of non-invasive imaging in the risk stratification of asymptomatic diabetic subjects. Eur Heart J 2006;27:905–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Young LH, Wackers FJ, Chyun DA, et al., DIAD Investigators. Cardiac outcomes after screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: the DIAD study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009;301:1547–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Investigators. Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with angioplasty in patients with multivessel disease. N Engl J Med 1996;335:217–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) Investigators. Influence of diabetes on 5-year mortality and morbidity in a randomized trial comparing CABG and PTCA in patients with multivessel disease: the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI). Circulation 1997;96:1761–9.

    Google Scholar 

  37. The BARI Investigators. Seven-year outcome in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) by treatment and diabetic status. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:1122–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. CABRI Trial Participants. First-year results of CABRI (Coronary Angioplasty versus Bypass Revascularisation Investigation). Lancet 1995;346:1179–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Hamm CW, Reimers J, Ischinger T, et al. A randomized study of coronary angioplasty compared with bypass surgery in patients with symptomatic multivessel coronary disease. German Angioplasty Bypass surgery Investigation (GABI). N Engl J Med 1994;331:1037–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. King SB 3rd, Lembo NJ, Weintraub WS, et al. A randomized trial comparing coronary angioplasty with coronary bypass surgery. Emory Angioplasty versus Surgery Trial (EAST). N Engl J Med 1994;331:1044–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. SoS Investigators. Coronary artery bypass surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (the Stent or Surgery trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:965–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Serruys PW, Unger F, Sousa JE, et al., Arterial Revascularization Therapies Study Group. Comparison of coronary-artery bypass surgery and stenting for the treatment of multivessel disease. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1117–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Legrand VM, Serruys PW, Unger F, et al., Arterial Revascularization Therapy Study (ARTS) Investigators. Three-year outcome after coronary stenting versus bypass surgery for the treatment of multivessel disease. Circulation 2004;109:1114–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Daemen J, Kuck KH, Macaya C, et al., ARTS-II Investigators. Multivessel coronary revascularization in patients with and without diabetes mellitus: 3-year follow-up of the ARTS-II (Arterial Revascularization Therapies Study-Part II) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52:1957–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Serruys PW, Onuma Y, Garg S, et al., ARTS II Investigators. 5-year clinical outcomes of the ARTS II (Arterial Revascularization Therapies Study II) of the sirolimus-eluting stent in the treatment of patients with multivessel de novo coronary artery lesions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:1093–101.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Silber S, Albertsson P, Avilés FF, et al., The Task Force for Percutaneous Coronary Interventions of the European Society of Cardiology. Guidelines for percutaneous coronary interventions. Eur Heart J 2005;26:804–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Banning AP, Westaby S, Morice MC, et al. Diabetic and nondiabetic patients with left main and/or 3-vessel coronary artery disease: comparison of outcomes with cardiac surgery and paclitaxel-eluting stents. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:1067–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Sianos G, Morel MA, Kappetein AP, et al. The SYNTAX Score: an angiographic tool grading the complexity of coronary artery disease. EuroIntervention 2005;1:219–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kapur A, Hall RJ, Malik IS, et al. Randomized comparison of percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary artery bypass grafting in diabetic patients. 1-year results of the CARDia (Coronary Artery Revascularization in Diabetes) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:432–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Hachamovitch R, Hayes SW, Friedman JD, et al. Comparison of the short-term survival benefit associated with revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with no prior coronary artery disease undergoing stress myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography. Circulation 2003;107:2900–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Dauerman HL. Percutaneous coronary intervention, diabetes mellitus, and death. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:1076–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rolf Dörr.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Dörr, R. Bypasschirurgie versus perkutane koronare Intervention bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus. Herz 35, 182–190 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-010-3342-2

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-010-3342-2

Schlüsselwörter:

Key Words:

Navigation