Skip to main content
Log in

Sekundär-funktionelle Mitralinsuffizienz bei Herzinsuffizienz: Tabletten oder Messer?

Surgery or Medical Therapy for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation?

  • Published:
Herz Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Die Mitralklappeninsuffizienz (MI) ist die zweithäufigste Klappenerkrankung in Europa. Grundsätzlich ist zwischen einer primären und sekundären bzw. funktionellen MI zu unterscheiden. Bei einer primären MI liegt die Ursache in einem morphologischen Defekt der Mitralklappe, der zur Volumenbelastung, linksventrikulären Dilatation und schließlich zur Einschränkung der linksventrikulären systolischen Funktion führt. Bei Patienten mit primärer MI ist eine frühzeitige operative Korrektur in Form einer Mitralklappenrekonstruktion oder eines Mitralklappenersatzes Therapie der Wahl.

Bei einer sekundären bzw. funktionellen MI ist die Klappenmorphologie typischerweise unauffällig. Die MI resultiert aus einer Klappenringerweiterung und/oder einer Verlagerung der Papillarmuskel infolge einer veränderten Ventrikelgeometrie, die z.B. durch einen Myokardinfarkt oder eine dilatative Kardiomyopathie bedingt sein kann. Bei Patienten mit sekundärer MI steht die medikamentöse Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz im Vordergrund. Zusätzlich ist im Fall persistierender Beschwerden eine kardiale Resynchronisationstherapie bei geeigneten Patienten indiziert. Der Stellenwert eines chirurgischen Vorgehens ist aufgrund einer kontroversen und unklaren Studienlage im Vergleich zur primären MI weniger präzise definiert. Aus diesem Grund sollte eine Mitralklappenrekonstruktion nur bei Patienten in Erwägung gezogen werden, die trotz optimaler Therapie weiterhin schwer symptomatisch sind.

Abstract

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is the second most frequent valve disease in Europe. In addressing the current therapy for MR, it is useful to distinguish primary from secondary or functional MR. In primary MR, there is derangement of the mitral valve itself causing left ventricular volume overload and left ventricular dysfunction. By contrast, in secondary MR, the valve and its components are typically normal and MR is related to changes of annular size (dilatation) and papillary muscle displacement due to left ventricular damage caused by myocardial infarction or dilated cardiomyopathy.

In primary MR, mitral valve repair or replacement is the first-line therapy. In secondary MR, the best management includes standard medical therapy for heart failure and cardiac resynchronization therapy in selected patients. Since there is no evidence from randomized studies that surgery improves mortality, this approach may only be considered in patients who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy or in patients undergoing coronary revascularization.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

References

  1. Alexander KP, Anstrom KJ, Muhlbaier LH et al. Outcomes of cardiac surgery in patients. 80 years: results from the National Cardiovascular Network. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:731.8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Ali AM, Altwegg L, Horlick ME et al. Prevention and management of transcatheter balloon-expandable aortic valve malposition. Cathet Cardiovasc Interv 2008;72:573.8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Baumgartner H. Asymptomatic aortic stenosis. When to operate, when to follow? Herz 2006;31:664.9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K et al. Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation 2008;118:e523.661.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Boone RH, Altwegg LA, Masson JB et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in 168 high-risk patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis. single centre experience. Circulation 2008;118:Suppl:807.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cheung A, Rodes-Cabau J, Dumont E et al. The complete Canadian experience on transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Circulation 2008;118:Suppl:944.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Clavel MA, Webb JG, Pibarot P et al. Comparison of the hemodynamic performance of percutaneous and surgical (stented and stentless) bioprostheses for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis. Circulation 2008;118:Suppl:943.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cribier A, Eltchaninoff H, Bash A et al. Percutaneous transcatheter implantation of an aortic valve-prosthesis for calcific aortic stenosis: first human case description. Circulation 2002;106:3006–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Cribier A, Eltchaninoff H, Tron C et al. Treatment of calcific aortic stenosis with the percutaneous heart valve. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1214–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Cribier A, Savin T, Saoudi NC et al. Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty of acquired aortic stenosis in elderly patients: an alternative to valve replacement? Lancet 1986;1:63–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Descoutures F, Himbert D, Lepage L et al. Contemporary surgical or percutaneous management of severe aortic stenosis in the elderly. Eur Heart J 2008;29:1410–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Dewey TM, Brown D, Ryan WH et al. Reliability of risk algorithms in predicting early and late operative outcomes in high-risk patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;135:180–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Edwards MB, Taylor KM. Outcomes in nonagenarians after heart valve replacement operation. Ann Thorac Surg 2003;75:830–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Figulla HR, Ferrari M. Percutaneously implantable aortic valve: the JenaValve concept evolution. Herz 2006;31:685–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Grube E, Gerckens U, Buellesfeld L. Percutaneous aortic valve replacement. Herz 2006;31:694–7.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Grube E, Laborde JC, Gerkens U et al. Percutaneous implantation of the Core-Valve self-expanding valve-prosthesis in high-risk patients with aortic valve disease: the Siegburg First-in-Man-Study. Circulation 2006;114:1616–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Grube E, Laborde JC, Sigmann B et al. First report on a human percutaneous transluminal implantation of a selfexpanding valve prosthesis for interventional treatment of aortic valve stenosis. Cathet Cardiovasc Interv 2005;66:465–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Gummert JF, Funkert A, Beckmann A et al. Cardiac surgery in Germany during 2007: a report on behalf the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;56:328–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Khaladj N, Hagl C, Peterss S et al. Isolated aortic valve replacement after previous CABG with patent grafts: is the “old fashioned” way obsolete for the future? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;35:260–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kleikamp G, Maleszka A, Zittermann A et al. Surgical management of aortic valve stenosis. Herz 2006;31:670–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kolh P, Kerzmann A, Honore C et al. Aortic valve surgery in octogenarians: predictive factors for operative and longterm results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007;31:600–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lange R, Bleiziffer S, Ruge H et al. Management of procedural complications associated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Circulation 2008;118:Suppl:807.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Liebermann EB, Wilson JS, Harrison JK et al. Aortic valve replacement in adults after balloon aortic valvuloplasty. Circulation 1994;90:Suppl II:205–8.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Likosky DS, Dacey LJ, Baribeau YR et al. Long-term survival of the very elderly undergoing aortic valve surgery. Circulation 2008;118:Suppl:944.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lung B, Baron G, Butchart EG et al. A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: the Euro Heart Survey on valvular disease. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1231–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Masson JB, Altwegg LA, Ali AM et al. Incidence and management of procedural complications associated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Circulation 2008;118:Suppl:808.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Melby SJ, Zierer A, Kaiser SP et al. Aortic valve replacement in octogenarians: Risk factors for early and late mortality. Ann Thorac Surg 2007;83:1651–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Piazza N, Grube E, Gerckens U et al. Procedural and 30-day outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the third generation (18 F) CoreValve revalving system - results from the multicenter expanded evaluation registry 1 year after being CE mark approved on behalf of all actively participating centers. Circulation 2008;118:Suppl: 807.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Rahimtoola SH. Choice of prosthetic heart valve for adult patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;41:893–904.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Robicsek F. Will the use of percutaneous aortic valve remain compassionate? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;34:9–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Sack S, Kahlert P, Khandanpour S et al. Aortic valve stenosis: from valvuloplasty to percutaneous heart valve. Herz 2006;31:688–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Svensson LG, Dewey T, Kapadia S et al. United States feasibility study of transcatheter insertion of a stented aortic valve by left ventricular apex. Ann Thorac Surg 2008;86:46–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Thielmann M, Wendt D, Kahlert P et al. Transcatheter off-pump aortic valve implantation in patients with very high risk for conventional aortic valve replacement. Circulation 2008;118:Suppl:944-5.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Vahanian A, Alfieri OR, Al-Attar N et al. Transcatheter valve implantation for patients with aortic stenosis: a position statement from the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Society of Cardiology (ECS), in collaboration with the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;34:1–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Vahanian A, Baumgartner H, Bax J et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease: the Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2007;28:230–68.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Walther T, Falk V, Kempfert J et al. Transapical minimally invasive aortic valve implantation; the initial 50 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008;33:983–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Webb JG, Chandavimol M, Thompson CR et al. Percutaneous aortic valve implantation retrograde from the femoral artery. Circulation 2006;113:842–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Webb JG, Pasupati S, Humphries K et al. Percutaneous transarterial aortic valve replacement in selected high-risk patients with aortic stenosis. Circulation 2007;116:755–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arnd Schaefer.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schaefer, A. Sekundär-funktionelle Mitralinsuffizienz bei Herzinsuffizienz: Tabletten oder Messer?. Herz 34, 118–123 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-009-3198-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-009-3198-5

Schlüsselwörter:

Key Words:

Navigation