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Size estimation of unerupted canines and premolars using various independent variables: a systematic review

Größenabschätzung nicht durchgebrochener Eckzähne und Prämolaren anhand verschiedener unabhängiger Variablen: eine systematische Übersicht

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Abstract

Introduction

Prediction of unerupted permanent teeth is an essential part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This prediction is done by mixed dentition space analysis based on the estimation of mesiodistal dimensions of unerupted permanent canine and premolars from already erupted permanent teeth. Permanent mandibular incisors are most commonly used for prediction. Recent literature reveals that mandibular incisors are not accurate predictors and other independent variables have been introduced to make a more accurate and precise prediction. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the literature in light of a variety of independent variables and their predictive accuracy.

Methods

Electronic databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus were searched to identify articles published until September 2021.

Results

The search resulted in a total of 1098 articles, of which 24 papers met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Articles using permanent mandibular incisors only as a predictor were excluded during the eligibility assessment. The results show that various independent variables including mesiodistal and vestibulo-oral dimensions of permanent maxillary and mandibular incisors and molars, molar basal arch length, intermolar distance, maxillary and mandibular arch and gender have been used as predictors to more accurately determine mesiodistal width of unerupted canine and premolars in different populations.

Conclusion

Ethnic tooth size variations strongly emphasize the need to determine which independent variable gives a more accurate prediction of unerupted permanent teeth to develop a population-specific prediction model. This will play a significant role in managing space problems and developing malocclusions.

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung

Die Prädiktion noch nicht durchgebrochener bleibender Zähne ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der kieferorthopädischen Diagnose und Behandlungsplanung. Diese Vorhersage erfolgt durch eine Platzanalyse im Wechselgebiss, die auf der Schätzung der mesiodistalen Abmessungen der nicht durchgebrochenen bleibenden Eckzähne und Prämolaren anhand der bereits durchgebrochenen bleibenden Zähne beruht. Am häufigsten werden die bleibenden unteren Schneidezähne für die Vorhersage verwendet. Aus der neueren Literatur geht hervor, dass die Unterkieferschneidezähne keine genauen Prädiktoren sind und andere unabhängige Variablen eingeführt wurden, um eine genauere und präzisere Vorhersage zu treffen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Literatur im Hinblick auf eine Vielzahl unabhängiger Variablen und deren Vorhersagegenauigkeit zu evaluieren.

Methoden

Die elektronischen Datenbanken MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science und CINAHL Plus wurden nach bis September 2021 veröffentlichten Artikeln durchsucht.

Ergebnisse

Die Suche ergab insgesamt 1098 Artikel, von denen 24 Arbeiten unsere Einschlusskriterien erfüllten und in diese Übersichtsarbeit aufgenommen wurden. Artikel, die nur die bleibenden unteren Schneidezähne als Prädiktor verwenden, wurden bei der Bewertung der Eignung ausgeschlossen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass verschiedene unabhängige Variablen, einschließlich der mesiodistalen und vestibulooralen Abmessungen der bleibenden oberen und unteren Schneidezähne und Molaren, der Basalbogenlänge der Molaren, des Intermolarabstands, des Ober- und Unterkieferbogens und des Geschlechts, als Prädiktoren verwendet wurden, um die mesiodistale Breite der nicht durchgebrochenen Eckzähne und Prämolaren in verschiedenen Populationen genauer zu bestimmen.

Schlussfolgerung

Die ethnischen Unterschiede in der Zahngröße machen deutlich, dass es notwendig ist, zu bestimmen, welche unabhängige Variable eine genauere Vorhersage der nicht durchgebrochenen bleibenden Zähne ermöglicht, um ein bevölkerungsspezifisches Vorhersagemodell zu entwickeln. Dies wird eine wichtige Rolle bei der Behandlung von Platzproblemen und der Entwicklung von Fehlstellungen spielen.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the librarian of the University of Western Australia for guiding us in searching databases for this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Perth, WA, Australia

    S. Abaid BDS, M.Phil. (Oral Biology),  E. Kruger BChD, MChD (Comm Dent) Ph.D. &  M. Tennant BDSc Ph.D. W. Aust., AFCHSE, FICD

  2. School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia

    S. Zafar BDS, MSc, DClinDent (Paediatric Dentistry), Ph.D., FICD

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  1. S. Abaid BDS, M.Phil. (Oral Biology)
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  2. S. Zafar BDS, MSc, DClinDent (Paediatric Dentistry), Ph.D., FICD
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  3. E. Kruger BChD, MChD (Comm Dent) Ph.D.
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  4. M. Tennant BDSc Ph.D. W. Aust., AFCHSE, FICD
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Correspondence to S. Abaid BDS, M.Phil. (Oral Biology).

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Abaid, S., Zafar, S., Kruger, E. et al. Size estimation of unerupted canines and premolars using various independent variables: a systematic review. J Orofac Orthop 84, 164–177 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-022-00392-9

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