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Dental calcification stages as determinants of the peak growth period

Phasen in der dentalen Kalzifikation als Determinanten der Hauptwachstumsperiode

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Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of dental maturation stages for identifying individual-specific skeletal maturation phases.

Subjects and methods

Prior to initiating this study, 255 orthodontic patients comprising 145 girls and 110 boys from the Department of Orthodontics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece were identified. Lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs were evaluated. Dental calcification stages were assessed according to the Demirjian method and skeletal maturation according to the cervical vertebral maturation stage (CVMS) method. Statistical assessments included Spearman Brown formula, descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient, and positive likelihood ratios (LHRs).

Results

The highest (r = 0.725) correlations were found for second molars and the lowest correlation for canines (r = 0.463, p < 0.001). Positive LHR values exceeding ten were found to identify the pre-peak growth phase in conjunction with the second molar (stage D), second premolar (stage E), and first premolar (stages D and E). Only the second molar (stage F) yielded positive LHR values for identifying the peak growth phase. The positive LHR values for the second molar also facilitated identification of the post-peak growth phase (stage H). Taking the clinical diagnostic efficacy of the second molar into account in identifying these growth phases, we calculated the positive LHRs of the second molar to determine dental maturation stages for diagnosing CVMS II and III. Positive LHR values greater than 10 identified CVMS II (stage D).

Conclusion

Evaluating dental maturation is a useful initial diagnostic step when assessing skeletal growth. The calcification stages of the second molar provide reliable diagnostic information with which to determine the pubertal growth spurt.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel

Ziel der Studie war die Untersuchung der diagnostischen Genauigkeit bei der Identifizierung individueller skelettaler Reifungsphasen anhand der dentalen Entwicklungsstadien.

Patienten und Methoden

Vor Beginn der Untersuchung wurden 255 kieferorthopädische Patienten (145 Mädchen, 110 Jungen) der Abteilung für Kieferorthopädie am der Aristoteles Universität in Thessaloniki, Griechenland, identifiziert. Fernröntgenseitaufnahmen und Panoramaaufnahmen wurden ausgewertet, die dentale Kalzifikation wurden nach der Demirjian-Methode bestimmt, die Skelettreife nach der CVMS(“cervical vertebral maturation stage”)-Methoden. Zur statistischen Auswertung wurden u. a. die Spearman-Brown-Formel, deskriptive statistical, der Spearman-Korrelationskoeffizient und positiven LHR(“likelihood ratios”)-Werte verwendet.

Ergebnisse

Die höchsten (r = 0,725) Korrelationen wurden für die zweiten Molaren ermittelt, die geringste Korrelation für die Eckzähne (r= 0,463, p<0,001). Es stellte sich heraus, dass positive LHR-Werte >10 im Zusammenhang mit dem zweiten Molaren (Stadium D), dem zweiten Prämolaren (Stadium E) und dem ersten Prämolaren (Stadien D und E). die Phase vor der Hauptwachstumsphase identifizieren konnten. Nur der zweite Molar (Stadium F) ergab positive LHR-Werte zur Identifizierung der Hauptwachstumsphase. Die positiven LHR-Werte für die zweiten Molaren erleichterten es auch, das Stadium in Anschluss an die Hauptwachstumsphase (Stadium H) zu identifizieren. Unter Berücksichtigung der diagnostischen Wertiskeit des zweiten Molaren bei der Identifizierung dieser beiden Wachstumsphasen wurden die positiven LHR-Werte für die zweiten Molaren berechnet, anhand derer sich CVMS II und III bestimmen lassen. Positive LHR-Werte >10 identifizierten ein CVMS II (Stadium D).

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Evaluierung der Zahnreife ist ein hilfreiches initiales Testverfahren zur Bestimmung des skelettalen Wachstums. Die Kalzifikationsstadien des zweiten Molaren bieten verlässliche diagnostische Informationen, anhand derer sich der pubertäre Wachstumsschub bestimmten lässt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece

    George Litsas, Athanasios E. Athanasiou, Moschos A. Papadopoulos, Ioulia Ioannidou-Marathiotou & Vassilis Karagiannis

  2. Kozani, Greece

    George Litsas

  3. Dubai College of Dental Medicine, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

    Athanasios E. Athanasiou

Authors
  1. George Litsas
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  2. Athanasios E. Athanasiou
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  3. Moschos A. Papadopoulos
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  4. Ioulia Ioannidou-Marathiotou
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  5. Vassilis Karagiannis
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Correspondence to George Litsas.

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Conflict of interest

G Litsas, A. E. Athanasiou, M. A. Papadopoulos, I. Ioannidou-Marathiotou, and V. Karagiannis state that there are no conflicts of interest.

All studies on humans described in the present manuscript were carried out with the approval of the responsible ethics committee and in accordance with national law and the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 (in its current, revised form). Informed consent was obtained from all patients included in studies.

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Litsas, G., Athanasiou, A.E., Papadopoulos, M.A. et al. Dental calcification stages as determinants of the peak growth period. J Orofac Orthop 77, 341–349 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-016-0040-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-016-0040-6

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