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Effect of sex steroids on bone formation in an orthopedically expanded suture in rats

An immunohistochemical and computed tomography study

Effekte von Sexualhormonen auf die Knochenneubildung in einer orthopadisch erweiterten Gaumennaht bei Ratten

Eine immunhistochemische und computertomographische Untersuchung

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Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of sex steroids on bone formation in response to midpalatal suture expansion by means of histological and immunohistochemical examinations and computed tomography (CT).

Materials and methods

A total of 32 male and 32 female 12-week-old Wistar rats were divided into four groups per gender. Testosterone was administered to the castrated experimental male rats, estrogen to castrated experimental female rats. Saline solution was given subcutaneously to the male and female control, sham, and castration groups during expansion and retention periods, which lasted 7 and 5 days, respectively. The expansion amount was measured with a digital caliper. The density of the new bone in the expansion area was measured via CT.

Results

Histological and CT evaluation revealed that the number of osteoblasts and density of the new bone was higher in male and female experimental groups than in all the other groups. When scores of staining intensity were compared, the experimental groups demonstrated statistically significant greater immunoreactivity in the osteoblasts compared to castrated-only groups. Bone density was higher in the female experimental group than in the others, and higher in the male experimental group than in the others. Expansion amounts in the castrated groups were higher than in the others (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Raising the levels of sex steroids in rats revealed positive effects on bone formation in the midpalatal suture in response to expansion. Increased sex steroid levels can reduce the time needed for retention.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel

Mit histologischen, immunhistochemischen und computertomographischen Untersuchungen sollten die Effekte von Sexualhormonen auf die reaktive Knochenneubildung nach Gaumennahterweiterung evaluiert werden.

Material und Methoden

Insgesamt 64 12 Wochen alte Wistar-Ratten, 32 männliche und 32 weibliche, wurden pro Geschlecht in 4 Gruppen zu je 8 Tieren eingeteilt; die kastrierten männlichen Versuchstiere erhielten Testosteron, die kastrierten weiblichen Versuchstiere Östrogen. Die männlichen und weiblichen Kontroll- und Placebo-Tiere sowie kastrierte Kontroll-Tiere erhielten während der 7 bzw. 5 Tage dauernden Expansions-und Retentionsphaseneine NaCl-Lösung s.c.. Das Ausmaß der Erweiterung wurde mit einer digitalen Schieblehre gemessen, die Dichte des neu entstandenen Knochengewebes im Bereich der Erweiterung mit Computertomographien.

Ergebnisse

Die histologischen wie radiologischen Auswertungen ergaben, dass die Anzahl der Osteoblasten und die Dichte des neu gebildeten Knochens in beiden Versuchsgruppen höher waren als in allen anderen Gruppen. Beim Vergleich der Scores der Anfärbeintensität zeigte sich in den Versuchsgruppen eine statistisch signifikant stärkere osteoblastäre Immunreaktivität als in den Gruppen der kastrierten Tiere. Die Knochendichte war in der weiblichen Versuchsgruppe höher als in den anderen, ebenso verhielt es sich bei der Versuchsgruppe mit männlichen Ratten. Die Erweiterung war in den Gruppen der kastrierten Kontroll- Tiere ausgeprägter (p < 0,05) als in den anderen Gruppen.

Schlussfolgerung

Zusätzlich gegebene Sexualsteroide führten im Rattenmodell zu positiven Effekten auf die reaktive Knochenbildung nach Gaumennahterweiterung. Erhöhte Sexualhormonkonzentrationen können die für die Retention benötigte Zeitspanne verkürzen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Fatih, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey

    Muhammet Birlik

  2. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey

    Hasan Babacan

  3. Department of Pathology, Numune Hospital, Sivas, Turkey

    Ruhiye Cevit

  4. Private Practice, Ordu, Turkey

    Birol Gürler

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  1. Muhammet Birlik
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  2. Hasan Babacan
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  3. Ruhiye Cevit
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  4. Birol Gürler
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Correspondence to Muhammet Birlik.

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M. Birlik, H. Babacan, R. Cevit, and B. Gürler state that there are no conflicts of interest.

All national guidelines on the care and use of laboratory animals have been followed and the necessary approval was obtained from the relevant authorities.

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Birlik, M., Babacan, H., Cevit, R. et al. Effect of sex steroids on bone formation in an orthopedically expanded suture in rats. J Orofac Orthop 77, 94–103 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-016-0021-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-016-0021-9

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