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The influence of simulated aging on the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastomeric chains without an intermodular link

Der Einfluss simulierter Alterung auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften orthodontischer elastomerer Ketten ohne intermodularen Steg

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Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objective

Orthodontic elastomeric chains are a main component in orthodontic therapy with fixed vestibular or lingual appliances. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of artificial aging on the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastomeric chains (power chains, PCs) without an intermodular link using a test setup according to DIN EN ISO 21606:2007.

Material and methods

In this study, 11 types of PCs supplied by seven manufacturers were investigated. Four groups with 10 specimens each were randomly generated for each type. Samples were separately mounted in a universal testing machine and extended by 300% (four times their initial length) at a crosshead rate of 100 mm/min and were held at this position for five seconds. The chain length was then reduced to three times the initial length (extension by 200%) and kept for 30 s. Then, within the control group (t = 0) and the force Fmin was recorded before extension until failure was performed and force (Fmax) and length (Lmax) at failure were determined. After prestretching, specimens of the three other groups were stored in water at 37°C with its three times initial length for one day (t = 1), 14 days (t = 2), and 28 days (t = 3), respectively. The specimens were then placed in the universal testing machine and the residual force (Fmin) measured, so as to subsequently extend them until failure at Fmax and Lmax. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance; the level of significance was set at p = 0.05.

Results

Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in Fmax, Fmin, and Lmax in each group (t = 0 to t = 3) between the various manufacturers (p < 0.001). Moreover, artificial aging significantly influenced Fmax, Fmin, and Lmax (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The orthodontist should consider both the mechanical properties of PCs and the duration of these appliances’ application when treating patients. Artificial aging had a significant influence on the parameters we determined (p < 0.001).

Zusammenfassung

Ziel

In der Therapie mit festsitzenden vestibulären und lingualen Apparaturen sind orthodontische elastomere Ketten ein fester Bestandteil. Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Einfluss einer simulierten Alterung in Wasser auf die elastomeren Eigenschaften verschiedener aktuell auf dem Markt befindlicher Ketten ohne intermodularen Steg (Powerchain, PC) in einem an DIN EN ISO 21606:2007 angelehnten Zugversuch zu untersuchen.

Material und Methodik

Es wurden 11 unterschiedliche PC-Typen von insgesamt 7 verschiedenen Herstellern getestet. Pro PC-Typ wurden vier Gruppen mit jeweils 10 Prüfkörpern vorbereitet. Die Probekörper wurden auf individuellen Halterungen in einer Universalprüfmaschine platziert, mit einer Vorschubgeschwindigkeit von 100 mm/min um 300% (4-fache Ausgangslänge) vorgedehnt und nach 5-sekündigem Halten dieser Länge auf die dreifache Länge (Dehnung um 200%) reduziert. Nach 30-sekündigem Halten dieses Zustands wurde in der Kontrollgruppe (t = 0) die Kraft Fmin ermittelt und anschließend sofort bis zum Versagen getestet, wobei zum Zeitpunkt des Versagens die Kraft Fmax und die Länge Lmax ermittelt wurden. Die Probekörper der anderen drei Gruppen wurden nach der Vordehnung um 200% mit dieser Länge einen Tag (t = 1), 14 Tage (t = 2) und 28 Tage (t = 3) in einem 37°C warmen Wasserbad gelagert. Dann wurden die Prüfkörper erneut in der Prüfmaschine platziert und die noch verbliebene Kraft Fmin ermittelt, um sie anschließend bis zum Versagen bei Fmax und Lmax zu dehnen. Die erhobenen Daten wurden statistisch mittels einer einfaktoriellen Varianzanalyse ausgewertet, wobei das Signifikanzniveau auf p = 0,05 festgelegt wurde.

Ergebnisse

Sowohl Fmin und Fmax als auch Lmax unterschieden sich zu den verschiedenen Zeitpunkten in Abhängigkeit vom Hersteller signifikant voneinander (p < 0,001). Die künstliche Alterung hatte einen signifikanten Einfluss auf alle ermittelten Kennwerte (p < 0,001).

Schlussfolgerungen

Der klinisch tätige Kieferorthopäde sollte die unterschiedlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften der verwendeten PCs und deren Applikationsdauer in seine Therapieüberlegungen einbeziehen.

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Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there are no conflicts of interest.

Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor gibt für sich und seine Koautoren an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland

    M.P. Dittmer, A.P. Demling & R. Schwestka-Polly

  2. Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Medical School Hanover, Hanover, Deutschland

    L. Borchers, M. Stiesch & P. Kohorst

Authors
  1. M.P. Dittmer
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  2. A.P. Demling
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  3. L. Borchers
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  4. M. Stiesch
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  5. P. Kohorst
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  6. R. Schwestka-Polly
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M.P. Dittmer.

Additional information

Marc Philipp Dittmer and Anton Phillip Demling contributed equally to this research.

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Dittmer, M., Demling, A., Borchers, L. et al. The influence of simulated aging on the mechanical properties of orthodontic elastomeric chains without an intermodular link. J Orofac Orthop 73, 289–297 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-012-0086-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-012-0086-z

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